tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-61688933745857486812024-02-18T19:44:07.120-08:00A Medical Student's lifeDalam tubuh yang sehat, terdapat jiwa yang sehat - in a healthy body is a healthy soul -A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.comBlogger25125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-19348764401833825122010-01-03T03:20:00.000-08:002010-01-03T03:23:00.001-08:0020 How the Body Self-Respect<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.kompas.com/data/photo/2009/12/08/1030236p.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 348px; height: 225px;" src="http://www.kompas.com/data/photo/2009/12/08/1030236p.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br />Are you quite satisfied with his own body? If not satisfied, follow the advice of Margo Maine, Ph.D. following:<br /><br />1. Your body is God's great, start to appreciate it.<br /><br />2. Make a list that includes the things that your body can do. Read and add on the list.<br /><span class="fullpost"><br />3. Be aware of what your body can do each day. Remember that the body is the instrument of life, not just decoration<br /><br />4. Make a list of people you admire: people who donate a lot of positive things in your life, in society and in the world. See if their physical appearance was important in supporting the success and accomplishments.<br /><br />5. Walk with your head raised, supported self-confidence.<br /><br />6. Do not let your weight or hinder your posture enjoy preferred activities.<br /><br />7. Wear comfortable clothes, likes and feels good in the body.<br /><br />8. Count the blessings you receive, rather than misfortunes.<br /><br />9. Think of other things that can be achieved with time and energy spent worrying about weight and appearance.<br /><br />10.Jadilah friend and supporter, not an enemy to his own body.<br /><br />11.Pikirkan that regenerate your skin every month, every five days the stomach, liver every 6 weeks and bones every three months.<br /><br />12.Setiap wake up in the morning do not forget to thank the rest for the body so the body feels fresh.<br /><br />13.Setiap night when going to bed do not forget to tell your body how precious body, which helps carry out everyday tasks.<br /><br />14.Temukan method of exercise that you enjoy and do regularly. But do not exercise to lose weight or against the body itself. Do sports for health and body strength, because it makes you comfortable.<br /><br />15.Ingat back when you feel comfortable with your body. Tell yourself you can feel like that again, even at a young age that no longer.<br /><br />16.Buatlah list 10 positive things about myself without mentioning physical appearance.<br /><br />17.Buat writings and paste in the mirror: I look good from inside and outside.<br /><br />18.Cari beautiful things in the world and yourself.<br /><br />19.Mulailah said to myself: life is too short to spend hating their own bodies.<br /><br />20.Makanlah when hungry and rest when tired. Find your friends can be reminiscent of the outer and inner beauty that is in you.<br /><br /><br />translate from http://kesehatan.kompas.com/read/xml/2010/01/01/18480434/20.cara.menghargai.tubuh.sendiri </span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com23tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-16589077512866896712010-01-03T01:57:00.000-08:002010-01-03T02:04:56.352-08:00Personality in Medicine<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ib3fXh86mxfTzM:http://dhannia.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/emoticon1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 202px; height: 189px;" src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ib3fXh86mxfTzM:http://dhannia.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/emoticon1.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kedokteran merupakan profesi yang berhubungan erat dengan seluruh kehidupan alamiah manusia, tidak hanya dengan penyakit, pengetahuan medis maupun menguasai skill kedokteran." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Medicine is a profession which is closely linked to all of man's natural life, not only with the disease, medical knowledge and medical skill mastered. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(235, 239, 249);" title="Kemampuan melakukan pendekatan interpersonal yang empatik, pemahaman mengenai kehidupan dan penderitaan manusia secara menyeluruh, merupakan kualifikasi yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang dokter yg baik." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The ability to approach interpersonal empathic, understanding of life and human suffering as a whole, is a qualification that must be owned by a doctor into shape. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kemampuan tersebut tidak dapat dihasilkan hanya melalui suatu program pendiendidikan ilmiah kedokteran saja, tetapi juga mensyaratkan kualifikasi kepribadian individu dan lingkup pendidikan yg kondusif utk bidangkedokteran tersebut." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Ability can not be generated only through a program of scientific medical education, but also requires the qualification and scope of the individual personality is conducive for medical education wrote it. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pasien dan keluarganya mengharapkan ketepatan, ketelitian,kecepatan, keramahan, keamanan, kejelasan komunikasi, kelengkapan, aksesibiliti." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Patients and families expect the precision, accuracy, speed, friendliness, safety, communication clarity, completeness, accessibility. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Tujuan dari kedokteran adalah meningkatkan taraf kesehatan, meningkatkan makna hidup secara menyeluruh dan menuju kualitas hidup yang lebih baik." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The goal of medicine is to improve health, improve the overall meaning of life and to the quality of life better.<br /><span class="fullpost"><br /><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Hubungan pasien dokter menjangkau segi interpersonal yang lebih kompleks dari sekedar komunikasi sosial, 'kontrak kerja' atau 'kontrak dagang'." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Reach the doctor patient relationship in terms of more complex interpersonal than social communication, 'employment contract' or 'commercial contract'. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Mengandung makna misi suci (sacred mission) yang dilandasi keahlian profesional, ketulusan, kepercayaan, kepedulian dan kebijakan yg empatik." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Meaning holy mission (sacred mission) which is based on professional expertise, sincerity, trust, caring and empathetic reply policy. </span><span title="Hubungan tersebut merupakan hubungan antar manusia yang didasarkan atas kepercayaan bahwa akan berusaha menolong menyembuhkan pasien." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The relationship is a human relations based on mutual trust that will try to help heal the patient.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kata kunci yang sering muncul dalam hubungan pasien dokter adalah acceptance (menerima pasien apa adanya), empathy (kemampuan untuk memahami dan menghayati, bukan hanya segi kognitif akan tetapi juga afektif) dan rapport (terjalinnya kondisi hubungan inter-personal yang empatik, dengan suasana kepercayaan" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Keywords that often appear in the doctor patient relationship is the acceptance (accepting the patient what it is), Empathy (the ability to understand and appreciate, not only cognitive aspects but also affective) and rapport (establishment of conditions of inter-personal relationships are emphatic, with an atmosphere of trust </span><span title="dan pengertian)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">and understanding).<br /><br /></span><span title="Menjadi dokter yang baik, bukan dengan teori, tidaktergan-tung IQ, maupun kemampuan akademik." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Being a good doctor, not a theory, IQ non-dependent, as well as academic ability. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Tidak semua dokter mampu berperilaku/ bersikap etis, profesional dan berempati ." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Not all doctors are able to behave / act ethical, professional and empathetic. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Tergantung latar belakang kepribadian,proses perkembangan/pengalaman individu, budaya & lingkungan, pola pikir, perasaan/ nurani, sikap & perilaku ." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Depending on the background of the personality, process development / experience of individuals, culture & environment, thought patterns, feelings / conscience, attitudes & behavior.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Memahami perilaku dan kepribadian" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Understanding the behavior and personality</span><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Perilaku manusia diperoleh dari hasil belajar dan insting sebagaimana hewan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Human behavior gained from the study and instincts as animals. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Hal tersebut juga dipengaruhi biologis, pendidikan psikologis dan lingkungan sosial." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">It is also influenced by biological, psychological education and social environment.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=""> fungtional behavior expresion.Attitude is a way to bring themselves in social communication; mental status or feelings (eg, jealous attitude, low-self,) => expression of functional behavior. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Perilaku merupakan cara khas individu dalam bertindak atau berespon terhadap rangsangan eksternal maupun internal Diekspresikan dalam sikap dan dilandasi kecenderungan kepribadian." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Behavior is typical of individuals in the act or respond to external and internal stimuli are expressed in the attitude and personality is based on trends. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="'Perilaku' merupakan istilah umum , lebih merupakan perbuatan , dilandasi pertimbangan etik dan moral dan merupakan manifestasi fungsional kepribadian (suatu refleksi kepribadian)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">'Conduct' is a general term, is more an act, based on ethical and moral considerations and a functional manifestation of personality (a reflection of personality). </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kepribadian – ciri khas individu menunjukkan keseluruhan sikap mental, kualitas dan berbagai kecenderungan, karakter, perilaku, emosi, yang unik bagi individu tersebut." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Personality - the individual characteristics indicate overall attitude, quality and variety of trends, character, behavior, emotions, that are unique to the individual. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Berkembang sepanjang hayat dan mengambil bentuknya (profil) yang kurang lebih menetap pada usia dewasa." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Developing lifelong and take shape (profile) which more or less settled in adulthood.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Tidak semua pola kepribadian kondusif untuk bidang profesi dokter sehingga perlu kesesuaian." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Not all personality patterns conducive to the field of medical profession that it needs to fit. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Setiap profesi memiliki kesesuaian sendiri." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Every profession has their own fitness. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Corak yang tidak cocok misalnya skizoid, obsesif (anankastik), paranoid, dependen, sosiopatik (anti-sosial, psikopat), dan sebagainya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The style is not suitable as schizoid, obsessive (anankastik), paranoid, dependent, sosiopatik (anti-social, psychopathic), and so on.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pendidikan dokter juga mencakup bagaimana bersikap dan berperilakuk sebagaimana seorang dokter." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Physician education also includes how to behave and berperilakuk as a doctor. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Perilaku masih dapat diubah / diarahkan bila ada dorongan kemauan untuk berubah, dibantu lingkungan yang kondusif serta landasan ciri dasar kepribadian tidak kaku." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Behavior can still be changed / redirected if there is a willingness to drive change, assisted by a conducive environment and the basic foundation of personality traits are not rigid. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Adaptasi merupakan Kondusivitas kepribadian berupa kemampuan penyesuaian akibat perbedaan latar belakang kultural dan pendidikan, penyesuaian kearah profesi dokter (penyesuaian cara belajar & kerjasama tim, penyesuaian pandangan / falsafah hidup), kemampuan tilikan dan kemampuan untuk pengembangan diri." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Adaptation is the ability Kondusivitas personality adjustment due to differences in cultural background and education, the adjustment towards the medical profession (the adjustment method of learning & teamwork, adjusting the view / philosophy of life), ability to tilikan and self-development capabilities. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dari segi lembaga pendidikanmeliputi seleksi masuk, kejelasan, konsistensi dan konsekuensi berbagai peraturan (termasuk sangsi), kejelasan program pendidikan, suasana lingkungan kampus dan panutan sebagai bagian pembelajaran berkesinambungan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In terms of selection in pendidikanmeliputi institutions, clarity, consistency and consequences of various regulations (including sanctions), clarity of educational programs, campus atmosphere and role models as part of continuous learning.<br /><br />Based on reference paper by <br />Prof. dr.Sasanto Wibisono, SpKJ (K)<br />Faculty of Medicine UI, Jakarta<br /></span><br /><br /></span></span></span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-84689837666694879002010-01-03T01:52:00.000-08:002010-01-03T01:56:07.186-08:00Effective Communication<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:z5WexDUAdOkRuM:http://wpcontent.answers.com/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Encoding_communication.jpg/270px-Encoding_communication.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 243px; height: 202px;" src="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:z5WexDUAdOkRuM:http://wpcontent.answers.com/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Encoding_communication.jpg/270px-Encoding_communication.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br />Communication is a process in which someone sends a message to others. The elements of communication include the news makers, news, media, news receiver, feedback, environment. A person who delivered the message usually want a change in the person receiving the message, either from simple things such as knowing something fact, until the occurrence of behavioral change. In connection with the patient's doctor for example, doctors wanted a change in the patient such as increased knowledge, change attitudes, to change behavior (taking medication regularly, diet or regular exercise). Said that effective communication when what you want to understand the provider submitted the recipient.<br /><span class="fullpost"><br />In the doctor patient relationship, effective communication is important to improve patient compliance, improve patient satisfaction, reduce malpractice claims and improve provider job satisfaction. Patients have the right to get information related to his problems, get the full treatment of attention and appreciation and express their opinions.<br />Include this level of communication is how I perceive me (the provider selfish), this how I perceive you (the provider listen to and observe the patient's behavior), this is how I perceive you seeing me and hearing me (the provider feeling the effects on the patient's words) , this is how I think you see me seeing you (there empathic communication, the provider understand the patient's situation at that time, communicate with the spirit and responsive to verbal speech and non-verbal patients behavior. When you understand these levels, the provider can anticipate the communication process, understand what is implied and the impact his words. To achieve a satisfactory result communication, communication skills required (interpersonal communication) to be trained every day and everywhere.<br />The steps in the communication is self-awareness (each communicating, always ready to practice the theory of interpersonal communication), realize that people who communicate with us may not know how to communicate well and practice it every day. This will help us become better communicators.<br />Interpersonal Communication (KIP) is the interaction between people with other people, two-way, verbal and non-verbal, sharing information and feelings with each other, or between individuals in small groups. These skills should have a doctor, namely verbal communication skills and non-verbal and verbal communication observation and non-verbal patients.<br />A. Verbal communication<br />(Communication through words spoken by someone)<br />a. Making patients feel comfortable<br />To make the patient feel comfortable, doctors need to be friendly, say hello, make connections (rapporting), making small talk with patients, explaining the authority and responsibility and client rights.<br />b. Ask questions<br /><br />Doctors also have to ask and listen to patients to encourage clients to talk, show interest and attention to clients, increase our awareness of the feelings of the client, to obtain information and provide a referral to the client's conversation. From the questions we can be the general conditions, facts, feelings of clients and the reasons.<br />Questions can be grouped into open-ended questions that provide new opportunities for the emergence of various jaawaban and closed questions that only produce a "yes", "no" and the deeper questions raised when patients do not meet our need for such information. Closed questions are used to determine history of the disease. Open-ended questions to learn about feelings, beliefs and knowledge of the client. Deep questions to respond to client statements.<br />c. Active listening<br />Listening skills is to reflect the content of (paraphrasing), to reflect the feeling, and summarizing. Exchanging information shows that we care and attention. How do we talk and listen is as important as what we say. Must possess skills that are attention, concentration on the other person, summarize, reflect, do not cut, give non-verbal responses, and asked for an explanation.<br />Reflection Content (paraphrasing) is a reflection of the core speech has just been said by the patient. While reflecting feelings about the emotions of patients, and a core sense of feedback that the client is observed by the doctor. Emotions form the basis of most life experiences.<br />Paraphrasing involves the use of branch lines, key information used by patients to describe a situation or person, who pronounced the patient's core and accurately checks. While the reflection of feelings, the doctor imagine how the patient was feeling so communication and discussions went smoothly.<br />Summarizes almost like a reflection of the contents, the difference is to summarize the discussions conducted after some time and include some information submitted by the client.<br />d. Providing information<br />Information must be provided in simple language, honest, correct and complete.<br /><br />e. Responding patients<br />In responding patients, there are some things to avoid, namely the verbal language is prohibited interrupt, criticize, assumptions and evaluation (do not believe the words of the patient. Meanwhile, in the non-verbal language for example, frowning, showing surprise or shock reaction, a smile that abusive (should show a neutral face).<br /><br />In communicating, we are prohibited from assuming or evaluation. The assumption is too early to make conclusions, making conclusions without evidence (can not be inferred from the expression of verbal and non-verbal) of the things delivered by the patient. Evaluation is doubtful or put mistrust of what was said by the patient.<br /><br />f. Encouraging patients to speak<br /><br />Sometimes there are patients who are difficult to talk. Provider's duty to make them want to disclose the problem and provide enough information so that providers can establish the diagnosis and provide appropriate treatment.<br /><br />B. Non-verbal communication<br />(all delivered by one person to another is not through words but through cues)<br /><br />Communication vebal include non-voice (volume, speed, tone, vocals), face (gloomy, angry, smile, angry, disappointed), eye contact, gestures, body positions, and touch.<br /><br />C. Observing verbal communication and non-verbal patients<br />Client's problem can be clearly known if the patient listens carefully, observing behavior (behavior) patients and ask questions effectively. Non-verbal observations made by observing the patient's face (sad, scared, confused, disappointed, down, angry, no eye contact, happy or satisfied) and the movements of the patient (anxiety, look at the clock again and again, hand made certain movements ). While in verbal language, observations were made on the verbal greeting clients if there is implied disappointment, anger, anxiety etc..<br /><br />In communication there can be obstacles that interfere with. These barriers are factors such as recipient, the message, the message sender, the environment and the media.<br /><br />RIGHTS OF FAMILY PLANNING CLIENTS<br /><br />1. Information Rights: The right to know all the information relating to the issue of benefits and limitations dihadapinyamengenai tool / way of family planning.<br /><br />2. Access Rights: The right to receive services regardless of gender, religion, creed, ethnicity, marital status and location.<br /><br />3. Choosing the right: The right to decide freely in selecting and using family planning methods.<br /><br />4. Rights Security / safety: The right to obtain services safe and effective<br /><br />5. Privacy Rights: The right to privacy in counseling and family planning services.<br /><br />6. Confidentiality Rights: The right to obtain assurance that the personal information provided will be kept confidential.<br /><br />7. Rights Harkat Dignity; right to receive services in a humane, full of respect and attention.<br /><br />8. Right Convenience: The right to comfort in the service<br /><br />9. Rights Continuity: The right to a guaranteed availability of a tool / way family planning is complete and continuous service as long as necessary.<br /><br />10. Right Thinking: The right to express opinions freely.<br /><br />taken from handouts<br />Dr. Endang Basuki, dr, MPH<br />Departemen Ilmu Kedokteran Komunitas FKUI<br /></span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-68152731489924652062010-01-03T01:28:00.000-08:002010-01-03T01:46:14.613-08:00Humanities in Medical Education:Some Contributions<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:F43RtEvMfbfxQM:http://www3.whig.com/whig/blogs/aliveandwell/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/doctor_patient-blood-pressure2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 252px; height: 167px;" src="http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:F43RtEvMfbfxQM:http://www3.whig.com/whig/blogs/aliveandwell/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/doctor_patient-blood-pressure2.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a>
<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Medicine is the most humane of sciences, the most empiric of arts, and the most scientific of humanities. (Pellegrino, 1970)
<br />The human arts are the good arts of Aulus Gellus, the liberal arts, those that free a man’s mind from the tyranny of others. (Pellegrino, 1976)</span>
<br />
<br /><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="PowerPoint.Slide"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft PowerPoint 12"><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="PowerPoint.Slide"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft PowerPoint 12">The plan is to describe five ‘qualities of mind’ which are very important to medicine and which are distinctively contributed to by humanities in medical education. <span class="fullpost">‘Qualities of mind’ is meant to include items like ‘mind-set’, ‘attitude’, ‘awareness’. ‘perspective’, and ‘intellectual skills’. It is hard to make a case of such nebulous characteristics in a vocational school setting.
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<br />The ‘qualities of mind’ engendered by the humanistic disciplines, which will be described briefly, are: critical abilities, flexibility of perspectives, non-dogmatism, discernment of values, and empathy and self-knowledge. They are very similar to each other, bearing a distinct family resemblance.
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<br />In a medical school there seems to be an overwhelming amount of memorization, checklist, and cookbooks. This must be the most crippling, stupefying, and depressing feature of medical education to these bright and inquisitive young minds when they first arrive. And it never changes: the students simply adapt, they become molded.
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<br />Vocation learning that is task oriented must simply go on with what works, with what is immediately needed - whether it is a gadget, a business arrangement, a theory, or a therapy. The goal is clear - just learn the process and do it. By contrast, humanistic studies - art, philosophy, history, and literature - do not share this sense of immediacy.
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<br />Without the press of immediate practicality or pay-off, there is opportunity to play around with ideas - to seek, invent, try out, explain. This is the atmosphere in which imagination and critical thinking develop and flourish. In focusing on a work of art, a literary classic, a historic period, one can try out different interpretations, looking at it from different points of view.
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<br />‘Flexibility of perspectives’ is quite closely allied with ‘critical ability’ , yet different enough to be described separately. Professional education is often described as a kind of conceptual ghetto. Each profession has its own ghetto. Its members get locked in a certain way of seeing the world, themselves, their relationship with that world, and their role within it.
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<br />That may be what is meant by being ‘professionalized’. It is a way of viewing everything - certain things and relationships are highlighted, others fade into the background; certain causal chains predominate, others are barely noticed. In other words, one’s perspectives become highly specialized.
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<br />This is strengthened and reinforced throughout our professional education - by teaching, by emphasis, by exam, by the concepts we use daily, by our special language, by the handed-down view of what is significant. We get locked in. Our perceptions , thoughts, and lines of reasoning get channeled; our circuitry gets etched in.
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<br />‘Flexibility of perspectives’ is believed to be the most important contribution of the humanistic disciplines to medical education. The ability to quickly and easily shift perspectives when appropriate, to see with ‘new eyes’, is a valuable clinical as well as personal skill.
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<br />This ‘quality of mind’ bears close resemblance to the others and is nurtured by the same kind of intellectual exercises which train critical ability and flexibility of perspectives. Nothing promotes misguided certainty more than being locked into the kind of single perspective.
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<br />Seeing no alternatives, unable to imagine other possibilities, one becomes dead certain of whatever it is he is perceiving within the parameters and categories of his own limited vision. That is why flexibility of perspectives works as a corrective to incipient dogmatism.
<br />But there are other ways to counteract it.
<br />
<br />Through history, for example, we can come to know, understand, and appreciate a belief system other than our own. And when through history we see how frequently the unquestioned truth of a prior time were the falsehoods and myths of a later time, some doubts must inevitably be cast on those matters of current confidence.
<br />
<br />We cannot help but be humble-struck, wondering what the next generation will do with things we are so cocksure of today. Particularly the history of science and medicine is helpful in this regard. We find gifted scientist being certain but wrong; we find unexamined assumptions; we find mistaken theories sometimes winning out; etc.
<br />
<br />Through history our students gain a sense of discovery and of open-endedness of science. They acquire a mind-set ready to question, an openness to new clues, and a serious regard to recalcitrant data. In short, non-dogmatism.
<br />
<br />Because this ‘quality of mind’ is probably the most obvious and frequent contribution of the humanities, it must here receive the most intense attention. In fact, with the enormous emphasis on biomedical ethics from the early 1970’s, it may seem downright commonplace. But values include far more than moral values.
<br />
<br />They include others, such as political, aesthetic, and personal values, which tend to be overlooked in the intense concentration on moral values. The humanistic disciplines are heavily value-laden. But they are self-consciously so. They have the vocabulary, conceptual apparatus, and strategies for dealing with values.
<br />
<br />Medicine, after all, is riddled with values. From its key concepts (disease, life, death, role of medicine, etc.) to diagnosis and therapy (what is ‘indicated’, trade-offs, lab values) to the delivery of health care (allocation, rationing, research-funding, etc.) medicine is value-laden. Not to identify these values is to be manipulated by them.
<br />
<br />Empathy and self-knowledge, unlike the other qualities described, are more directed at interaction with persons than with observation, knowledge, and ideas.
<br />Literature is probably the most direct way to illustrate this phenomenon. In literature we vicariously live many other lives. We are led by the writer’s skill to see life of others through a completely different mind-set.
<br />
<br />Through such vicarious experience we surely learn about others in the most unique of all ways - by empathy, by ‘becoming’ them, by taking on so many of their characteristics that we begin to think, act, and react like them. We learn what it is like ‘to put ourselves in someone’s else’s place’, ‘to see it from the other person’s point of view’.
<br />
<br />It is not only empathy and tolerance that flows from identifying with other persons, times, and beliefs. It is self-knowledge as well. We do not really know and understand ourselves until we see that, how, and why we differ from others. This, then, sets the agenda and motivation for self-investigation and reconstruction.
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<br /><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="PowerPoint.Slide"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft PowerPoint 12"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Prepared by
<br />R. Sjamsuhidajat
<br />Department of Medical Education, FKUI
<br />
<br />excerpted from
<br />“Humanities in Medical Education:
<br />Some Contributions”
<br />K. Danner Clouser (1990)
<br />The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 15:289-301
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<br />A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-59983088378442365232009-12-30T06:58:00.000-08:002009-12-30T07:32:38.384-08:00CPR-RJP<span style="color:#ff6666;">In a broad sense</span>, all forms of resuscitation is the medical business, <span style="color:#006600;">which is committed against those</span> who are in serious or critical condition, to prevent death. Death in the clinic is defined as loss of consciousness and all the reflexes, accompanied by cessation of breathing and blood circulation irreversible. Therefore, all resuscitation efforts is the Restore function to the respiratory system, circulatory and nervous, which interrupted or disturbed in such a way so that its functions can be stopped at any time, in order to return to normal as <span class="fullpost">semula.1
<br />Success or failure of the heart lung resuscitation depends on fast and precise technique of Action implementation. Some of the circumstances, resuscitation measures are not recommended (not effective), among others if the cardiac arrest (the arrest) has berlangung more than 5 minutes since it is usually permanent brain damage has occurred, the stadium KEGANASAN advanced, refractory heart failure, refractory pulmonary edema, which precedes renjatan "arrest", severe neurologic disorders, kidney disease, liver and lung lanjut.2
<br />Resuscitation performed on:
<br /> cardiac infarction "small" resulting in "electric death"
<br />death of heart muscle disease due to blocked coronary blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle. In laymen, marked by a heart attack which destroyed large heart muscle known as heart failure, and the result can cause fatal kematian.3
<br /> attack Adams-Stokes
<br />Not aware of a sudden heart rhythm disturbance due to a slowdown or even cause fainting removal heartbeat with or without seizures, kejang.4
<br /> Trauma
<br /> Inhalation of smoke (toxic)
<br />Acute Hypoxia
<br />Hypoxia is a revenue decrease of oxygen to the tissue below physiological levels of tissue perfusion despite adequate blood. 5.6
<br /> poisoning and overdosing on drugs
<br /> shock
<br /> vagal reflex
<br /> Drowning and other accidents that still gives the opportunity to live.
<br />2. Resuscitation was not done at:
<br /> death of normal, as is common in acute illness or severe Chronicle.
<br />Estadio terminal illness An incurable again.
<br /> When almost certainly cerebral function that will not heal, that is, after ½ - 1 hour proven there is no pulse on normotermia without RJP.7
<br />Resuscitation efforts performed on the state of clinical death is when a large pulse (circulation) and breathing stopped, but it is doubtful whether the two functions Spontaneous breathing and heart had stopped for sure or irreversible.8
<br />When do we Begin CPR
<br />Doing CPR decision to be taken after we got the results of primary examination, namely: no conscious, no breath, no heartbeat. The incident that led to doing CPR:
<br />1. Ensure Victim Response
<br />We must conduct monitoring of patient response to the shaking shoulders and Ask a situation, for example, "Are you all right?"
<br />2. Repositioning Victim
<br />Victim repositioning if needed, for example you find the victim in the tummy.
<br />3. Make sure breath Open Road
<br />Perform maneuvers head-tilt, chin lift or modified jaw down, as needed.
<br />4. Check Breathing
<br />See, Hear and Feel the breath. Ensure the presence or absence of breath within 3-5 seconds. At the victim is not breathing do not directly do CPR, but you must conduct ....
<br />5. 2 ratings resuscitate
<br />Perform rescue breathing techniques. If you notice any airway obstruction, Do techniques to clear the airway. If the victim's airway clear and he was still in a state of continuous breath after you give 2 breaths made it ...
<br />6. Check Absent carotid
<br />Maintain head tilt with one hand on the victim's forehead and use other hand to feel the carotid pulse. If no palpable pulse when you check in 5-10 seconds, this means that the victim in a state of cardiac arrest and you have to. ...
<br />7. Begin CPR
<br />With cardiac arrest victims to lie down on a hard surface, such as the floor, ground or spinal board. Injuries that occur on the victim is not a reason to delay CPR. CPR should be done as soon as possible.
<br />In CPR procedures always include the principles of ABC. A CPR would not be effective if the airway is not open. CPR is also ineffective if circulation stops. Circulating blood will not be effective, unless the blood is oxygenated. Always remember If bleeding can interfere with circulation. Therefore, if a victim loses too much blood does the CPR ineffective. When the bleeding is happening so great, as in the case of severe bleeding from large arteries (eg: A. femoralis) so that we do CPR may actually accelerate the bleeding, and Causing death Biologik. Although such cases are rare, but we have to Conduct Action to Reduce the amount of blood lost prior to CPR. In CPR, we aim to force the blood of victims who had stopped the circulation to re-circulate with the conduct of external chest compression, which is known as circulation buatan.9
<br />When are resuscitation is terminated?
<br /> Have resurgent Spontaneous circulation and ventilation are effective.
<br /> resuscitation efforts have been taken over by the PARTIES that more competent and responsible to continue resuscitation (if there is no doctor).
<br /> A doctor bull charge.
<br /> Helper too tired so can not continue resuscitation.
<br /> Patients declared dead.
<br /> Given then that after resuscitation, the stadium was in a terminal patient that the disease can not be healed again, or almost certainly will not come back Obtaining Patient serebralnya function, that is, after 0,5-1 hours, proved there was no pulse in the resuscitation without normotermia paru.10 heart
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<br />Bibliography
<br />1. Safar P. Heart Lung Brain resuscitation. Jakarta: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. pp: 4, 1984.
<br />2. Alkatri J, et al. Heart lung resuscitation, the book Medicine Ajar, Editor Soeparman, part I, ed. Ke-2, Hall Publisher FKUI, Jakarta, pp: 281, 1987.
<br />3. Stem cell therapy Treat Heart Infarction. http://www.kompas.com/read/xml / 2008/04/06/1654448/terapi.sel.induk.obati.infark.jantung. (1 December 2009)
<br />4. Adam Stokes Attacks definition. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp? articlekey = 19,423. (December 1, 2009)
<br />5. Rima et al., 1996, "Hypoxia", Dorlan Medical Dictionary, pp: 898, cet.II, EGC, Jakarta.
<br />6. Sylvia AP, Lorraine MW, 1995, Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory Disease, "Hiperkapnea and Hipokapnea", pp: 685, Physiological Disease Processes, ed. 4, Book II, EGC, Jakarta
<br />7. DR Sunatrio, Heart Lung Resuscitate, Editor Muchtaruddin Mansyur, IDI, Jakarta, pp: 193.
<br />8. Sunatrio, S. Determination of Death, Termination of Emergency and Long-Term Resuscitate. http://repository.ui.ac.id/contents/koleksi/11/be94c925ae70fb1c58a298c2586d8ca7249e5541.pdf. (1 December 2009)
<br />9. Technique: Heart Lung Resuscitate. ge/216 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/jejakpetualang/messa. (December 1, 2009)
<br />10. Sunatrio, S. Determination of Death, Termination of Emergency and Long-Term Resuscitate. http://repository.ui.ac.id/contents/koleksi/11/be94c925ae70fb1c58a298c2586d8ca7249e5541.pdf. (1 December 2009 </ span>
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<br /></span><span class="fullpost"></span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-35709644545033948432009-12-29T22:47:00.000-08:002009-12-29T22:50:51.126-08:00Shock and the handlingShock is a state of metabolic and hemodynamic disturbances are very heavy yan marked by the failure of the circulatory system to maintain adequate organ perfusion. This condition can be caused by a blood volume inadequate (hypovolaemic shock), inadequate cardiac function (cardiogenic shock) or inadequate vasomotor tone (neurogenic shock and septic).<br />Causes of shock include:<br />• The inability of the heart to pump enough blood to the organs.<br />• lost a lot of blood: So the amount of blood flow is not sufficient.<br />• dilatation (development) excessive blood vessels.<br />In a state of shock organs will be starved of oxygen. Organ oxygen deficiency will not give symptoms and signs as follows:<br />• Thirst<span class="fullpost"><br />• Weak<br />• Dizziness spin<br />• Nervous, scared<br />• Pernapafasan rapid and shallow (the lungs)<br />• Rapid and weak Nadi (heart)<br />• Skin is pale, cold and damp (skin)<br />• Front looked pale and bluish on the lips, tongue and ear as well (skin).<br />• Pupil dilation / widening (eye).<br />• Nausea vomiting.<br />Based etiloginya the shock of some kind are classified as follows: Hypovolaemic Shock, Cardiogenic Shock, and Shock Distributive<br />Hypovolaemic shock<br />Definition<br />Hypovolaemic shock is the type most common shock characterized by decrease in intravascular volume. Body fluids contained in the intracellular and extracellular compartments. Intracellular fluid occupies nearly 2 / 3 of total body water and the extracellular body fluids found in one intavaskular and interstitial compartment. Interstitial fluid volume is approximately 3-4x of intravascular fluid. Hypovolaemic shock occurs when decline in volume intavaskuler 15% to 25%. This will describe the loss of 750 ml to 1300 ml in men with body weight 70 kg.<br />Aetiology<br />The conditions that put patients at risk of hypovolaemic shock are (1) loss of external fluids such as: trauma, surgery, vomiting, diarrhea, diuresis, (2) displacement of internal fluids such as: internal and hemoragi burns<br />Management<br />The main goal in dealing with hypovolaemic shock is (1) restore intravascular volume to reverse the order of events that do not lead to tissue perfusion is not adequate. (2) redistribute the volume of liquid, and (3) fix the underlying causes of fluid loss as soon as possible.<br />ü Treatment of underlying causes.<br />If the patient is experiencing hemoragi, attempts were made to stop the bleeding. Includes installation of pressure on the bleeding or may need surgery to stop internal bleeding.<br />ü Replacement Fluids and Blood<br />Installation of two intra-venous lines with large kjarum installed to make access to intra-venous fluids. Meaning allow for simultaneous fluid therapy and blood components if necessary.<br />For example: Ringer's lactate and 0.9% Sodium clorida, Colloid (albumin and dextran 6%).<br />ü redistribution of fluid<br />Giving the modified trendelenberg position by elevating the legs of patients, about 20 degrees, knees aligned, trunchus horizontal and head slightly raised. The goal, to increase the flow through the veins that are influenced by gayagravitasi.<br />ü medication therapy<br />Medication will be prescribed to overcome dehidarasi if the underlying cause is dehydration. For example, insulin will be given to patients with dehydration secondary to hyperglycemia, desmopresin (DDVP) for diabetes insipidus, anti-diarrhea preparations for diarrhea and anti-emetic to vomit.<br />ü Military syoc anti trousersn (MAST)<br />Pkain go round that is designed to correct internal bleeding and hypovolaemia by providing back pressure around the legs and abdomen. This tool creates artificial peripheral resistance and helps keep perfusion Coroner.<br />SYOK cardiogenic<br />Definition<br />Cardiogenic shock caused by the failure of heart pump function leading to cardiac output is reduced or stopped altogether.<br />Aetiology<br />Causes of cardiogenic shock has the aetiology of coronary and non coronary. Coronary, myocardium caused by infarction, while non-coronary cardiomyopathy caused by, valve damage, cardiac tamponade, and dysrhythmias.<br />Management<br />Destination management of patients with cardiogenic shock are:<br />1. Limiting further damage miocardium<br />2. Miocardium recuperate<br />3. Improving the ability of the heart to pump effectively.<br />The main management of cardiogenic shock include:<br />a. Additional supply of oxygen<br />In the early stages of shock, supplemental oxygen is given through a nasal cannula 3 to 5 Liter / min.<br />b. Controlling heartburn<br />If the patient menglami chest pain, morphine sulfate given intravenously to relieve the pain. Providing semi-Fowler position, can help to provide a comfortable position and improve lung expansion.<br />c. Provision of drugs vasoaktif<br />Vasoaktif drug therapy consisting of multiple pharmacological strategies to restore and maintain adequate cardiac output. In cardiogenic shock, coronary, diujukan drug therapy to improve cardiac contractility, reduced preload and afterload, or stabilize the heart frequency. For example, Dopamine and nitroglycerin.<br />d. Support a particular liquid<br />Giving fluids should be carefully monitored by nurses to detect signs of fluid excess. Bolus intravenous fluid that continues to be given diingkatkan with great care starts with the number of 50 ml to determine the optimal filling pressure to improve cardiac output.<br />SYOK distributive<br />Definition<br />Distributive shock or vasogenik occurs when abnormal blood volume in the move vaskulatur as blood in the peripheral blood vessels.<br />Aetiology<br />Distributive shock can be caused either by loss of sympathetic tone or by the release of chemical mediators into the cells. Kondosi-conditions that put patients at risk of distributive shock (1) neurogenic shock, such as spinal cord injury, spinal anesthesia, (2) shock sensitivity anafilaktik such as penicillin, transfusion reactions, bee sting allergy (3) septic shock such as immunosuppressive, age extremes of> 1 yr and> 65 years, malnutrition<br />Various mechanisms that lead to the beginning of shock vasodiltasi further distributive shock classification divides this into 3 types:<br />1. Shock Neorugenik<br />In neurogenic shock, vasodilatation occurs as a result of loss of sympathetic tone. This condition can be caused by spinal cord injury, spinal anesthesia, and damage to the nervous system. This shock can also occur as a result of work depressant drugs or the lack of glucose (eg, insulin reaction or shock). Spinal neurogenic shock is marked by dry skin, warm and not cold, damp as happened in hypovolaemic shock. Another sign is bradikardi.<br />Management:<br />- Neurogenic shock Specific treatment depends on the cause. If the cause Hypoglycemia (insulin shock) is giving quickly glucose.<br />- Neurogenic shock can be prevented in patients who mendapakan spinal or epidural anesthesia by elevating the head of the bed 15 to 20 degrees to prevent the spread of anastetik to the spinal cord.<br />- On Suspicion spinal cord, neurogenic shock can be prevented by immobilization of the patient carefully to prevent damage to the spinal cord further.<br />- Elastic stockings and elevate the foot of the bed can minimize the collection of blood in the legs. The collection of blood in lower limb placing patients at increased risk of thrombus formation.<br />- Provision of heparin, compression stockings and pneumatic compression of the legs can prevent the formation of thrombus.<br />2. Shock Anafilaktik<br />Anafilaktik shock caused by an allergic reaction when a patient who previously had formed an anti body against foreign substances (anti-gene) experienced a reaction of anti-gene antibody systemic.<br />Management:<br />- Provision of drugs that will restore vascular tone, and support emergency basic life functions. Example: epinephrine, aminophylline. Epinephrine given intravenously to vasokonstriktifnya effects menaptkan. Difenhidramin given intavena to fight the effects of histamine thus reducing the effects of capillary permeability. Aminophylline given intravenously to counteract histamine bronkospasme result.<br />- If there is a threat or has cardiac arrest and stopped breathing, is cardiac pulmonary resuscitation (CPR)<br />3. Septic shock<br />Septic shock is the most common form of shock caused by distributuf and widespread infection. Septic shock incidence can be reduced with infection control practice, doing a careful aseptic technique, perform debriden wound to remove necrotic tissue, maintenance and cleaning equipment properly and wash hands thoroughly<br />Aetiology<br />Microorganisms causing septic shock is gram-negative bacteria. When microorganisms attack the body's tissues, the patient will show an immune response. Generate an immune response is the activation of chemical mediators that have various effects that lead to shock. Increased capillary permeability, which engarah the permeation liquid from the capillary and vasodilatation are two such effects.<br />Management:<br />- The collection of specimens of urine, blood, sputum and wound drainage performed with aseptic technique.<br />- Giving high nutritional supplementation aggressively proteins made during the 4 days of awitan shock.<br />- Providing intravenous fluids and medications are prescribed, including antibiotics and drugs to restore vasoaktif vascular volume<br />First aid on the patient in shock<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />- Enable SPGDT (called an ambulance).<br />- Check the ABC, and if necessary to do artificial breathing and CPR<br />- Wlaupun person is able to breathe alone, keep check breathing every 5 minutes until help arrived<br />- If the person is conscious and has no injuries to the head, legs, neck or spine, place in a shock position of the person put in place a flat and moved out about 12 inches. Do not lift his head. And if her feet would cause membahyakan something, then let the person is lying on his back.<br />- Give appropriate first aid for the closure of the wound or injury.<br />- Keep warm and comfortable and loosen tight clothing.<br /><br />The most important<br />- Do not give anything into the mouth of the victim, including eating and drinking<br />- Do not move the affected victims of spinal sedera<br />- Do not let the mild symptoms became worse until help has arrived.<br /><br /><br />by Mochamad Faisal Adam<br /> <br />http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000039.htm<br /><br />http://semangateli.blogspot.com/2008/06/berdasarkan-etiloginya-maka-syok.html<br /><br />http://www.healthscout.com/ency/1/imagepages/17231.html<br /><br />http://www.healthscout.com/ency/1/000039trt.html # cont </span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-29205767498917115862009-12-28T06:51:00.000-08:002009-12-28T06:54:56.181-08:00rheumatic genetic<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:w58ekHFxVwr6dM:http://www.pediatrics.med.ubc.ca/__shared/assets/Spine_Pain7289.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 222px; height: 169px;" src="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:w58ekHFxVwr6dM:http://www.pediatrics.med.ubc.ca/__shared/assets/Spine_Pain7289.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a>
<br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="GEJALA RASA NYERI" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">SYMPTOMS FEEL PAIN
<br /><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Gejala rematik genetik terjadi terutama dimulai di usia sekitar 20-an, bahkan ada beberapa yang di bawah usia 20 tahun." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Genetic rheumatic symptoms occur, especially starting at the age of 20's, even some who under the age of 20 years. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Secara perlahan, penyakit ini akan berkembang, sampai puncaknya biasa terjadi di usia 40-45 tahun." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Gradually, this disease will develop, usually until the peak occurs at age 40-45 years.
<br />
<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Gejala utamanya, nyeri pinggang bagian bawah." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The main symptoms, lower back pain. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="“Kita juga harus menduga seseorang menderita AS jika dia lelaki, karena penyakit ini lebih banyak menyerang lelaki daripada perempuan," ujar Harry. Perbandingan penderita lelaki dan perempuan kira-kira 8:1." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">"We also have to expect a person suffering from the U.S. if he's the man, because this disease attacks men more than women," said Harry. Comparison of male and female patients of about 8:1.<span class="fullpost">
<br />
<br /><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="“Penderita penyakit ini adalah lelaki usia muda sekitar 20 tahun yang menderita sakit pinggang terus menerus lebih dari tiga bulan,” papar Harry." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">"Patients with this disease are young men around 20 years old who suffered from constant back pain for more than three months," said Harry. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Rasa sakit ini bukan seperti rasa sakit akibat kecelakaan atau faktor lain, seperti akibat mengangkat beban kelewat berat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The pain is not like the pain from an accident or other factors, such as by lifting weights too heavy. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Gejala juga bisa muncul sebelum usia 16 tahun, yang disebut dengan juvenile ankylosing spondylitis." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Symptoms also can occur before the age of 16 years, the so-called juvenile ankylosing Spondylitis. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Ini juga yang dialami oleh putra Minati." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">This was also experienced by men vie.
<br />
<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Gejala awal berupa rasa nyeri biasanya akan bertambah parah saat penderita bangun tidur di pagi hari." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The initial symptoms of pain will usually worsen when patients wake up in the morning. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Baru setelah banyak melakukan gerak, rasa nyeri berkurang." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Only after a lot of exercise, the pain lessened. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=""Gerakan-gerakan ini membuat rasa kaku dan nyeri di pinggang berkurang. Pasalnya, dengan bergerak, pinggang atau bagian lain yang sakit pun dilenturkan."" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">"These movements make the stiffness and pain in the waist down. Because, with the move, waist or other parts of the sick was bent." </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Yang sering terjadi, sakit di pinggang dianggap sebagai sakit pinggang biasa karena kecelakaan, mengangkat beban berat, atau saraf terjepit." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">What often happens, pain in the waist is considered as a regular back pain due to accidents, lifting heavy loads, or pinched nerve. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Bahkan, "Pernah ada penderita yang melakukan operasi karena mengira rasa sakitnya itu akibat saraf terjepit."" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In fact, "There have been people who perform the operation because he thought the pain was due to pinched nerve."
<br />
<br /></span><span title="Sakit di pinggang disebabkan oleh keadaan yang disebut entesopathy, yaitu radang pada tempat melekatnya ligamen dengan tulang belakang." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Pain in the hip caused by a condition called entesopathy, which is inflammation of the ligaments attach to the spine. </span><span title="Ligamen berfungsi menghubungkan dua ruas tulang belakang." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Ligaments function to connect the two vertebrae. </span><span title="Setelah peradangan terjadi cukup lama, akan terjadi pembentukan tulang baru, dan dua ruas tulang belakang ini bisa menyatu." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">When inflammation occurs long enough, there will be new bone formation, and two vertebrae may be joined. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Proses penyatuan ini berjalan lambat, dan setiap tahun akan terjadi pengulangan menyatunya dua ruas tulang belakang." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">This unification process is slow, and each year will be repeating the merging of two vertebrae.
<br />
<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="“Proses ini terjadi dari pinggang sampai leher." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">"This process occurs from the waist to neck. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dimulai di usia 20-an, dan lambat-laun, saat penderita berusia 40-an tahun, ruas akan menyatu." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Starting at the age of 20, and gradually, as the patient's age was 40 years old, a segment will be merged. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Proses penyatuannya mirip pohon bambu,” cerita Harry." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Penyatuannya process like bamboo tree, "said Harry.
<br />
<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Ruas tulang belakang yang menyatu akan mengakibatkan penderita sulit menggerakkan badan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Vertebrae together will result in the patient is difficult to move the body. </span><span title="Akibatnya, ia jadi susah membungkuk." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">As a result, it became difficult to bend. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dan jika sudah bungkuk, sulit ditegakkan kembali." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">And if it is bent, difficult to enforce return. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Atau jika leher yang terserang, menengok pun menjadi pekerjaan yang nyaris mustahil dilakukan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Or if the neck is attacked, turned into a job that was almost impossible.
<br />
<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=""Untuk menengok, seluruh badan harus ikut bergerak,” kata Harry. Bahkan, pada tingkat berat, tubuh penderita akan membungkuk seperti tanda baca koma. Penderita tak bisa tidur terlentang karena tubuhnya yang "melengkung," dan terpaksa tidur dalam posisi miring." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">"To see the entire body must come to move," said Harry. In fact, the weight level, the patient's body will be bent like a comma punctuation mark. People could not sleep on her back because her "curved," and forced to sleep on his side.
<br />
<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Selain nyeri di pinggang, rematik genetik juga bisa menyerang sendi peripheral, yaitu sendi sentral yang pusatnya di tulang belakang manusia." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In addition to the waist pain, arthritis can also attacked the genetic peripheral joints, the central joints in the spinal cord of man. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Sendi peripheral ini adalah lutut, jari tangan, jari kaki, juga siku." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">This peripheral joints are the knees, fingers, toes, elbows, too. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kondisi ini menyerang 20 persen dari jumlah seluruh pasien." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">This condition is attacked 20 percent of the total number of patients.
<br />
<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="“Yang paling sering diserang adalah pergelangan kaki, lutut, panggul, dan bahu." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">"The most frequently attacked are ankles, knees, hips, and shoulders. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Biasanya pasien mengeluh rasa sakitnya juga di bagian itu,” tutur Harry." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Usually the patient complains of pain is also part of that, "said Harry. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Ada kemungkinan, nyeri pada pinggang dan sendi peripheral itu juga disertai penyakit lain yang menyerang mata, kulit, saluran cerna, dan varian lain." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">There is a possibility, pain in the waist and peripheral joints was also accompanied by another disease that attacks the eyes, skin, gastrointestinal tract, and other variants. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="(Nova/Bestantia)" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">(Nova / Bestantia)</span></span></span></span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-19013837399796907392009-12-28T06:41:00.000-08:002009-12-28T06:49:28.661-08:00squat toilet is healthier than seat toilet ?<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:E8POi2IlnZQj-M:http://www.kitchen-bath-plus.com/images/untitled.bmp"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 186px; height: 168px;" src="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:E8POi2IlnZQj-M:http://www.kitchen-bath-plus.com/images/untitled.bmp" alt="" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:180%;" >VS</span> <span style="font-size:180%;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:4ywXLLbw5oWldM:http://valencia18.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/squat_toilet_shanghai3.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 228px; height: 155px;" src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:4ywXLLbw5oWldM:http://valencia18.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/squat_toilet_shanghai3.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a></span><br /><br /><span class="fullpost"><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Gangguan fungsi kemih sebenarnya bisa dikurangi dengan berbagai cara." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Bladder dysfu</span></span></span><span class="fullpost"><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Gangguan fungsi kemih sebenarnya bisa dikurangi dengan berbagai cara." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">nctio</span></span></span><span class="fullpost"><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Gangguan fungsi kemih sebenarnya bisa dikurangi dengan berbagai cara." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">n may actually be reduced in various ways. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Salah satunya dengan mengurangi konsumsi minuman yang mengandung kafein, alkohol, serta obat-obatan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">One of them by reducing the consumption of beverages containing caffeine, alcohol, and drugs.</span><br /></span></span><br /><span class="fullpost"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=""Kafein memiliki zat yang dapat memacu detak jantung serta meningkatkan produksi urine," kata Mulyadi Tedjapranata, dokter Klinik Medizone di Apartemen Taman Kemayoran, Jakarta Pusat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">"Caffeine is a substance that can boost heart rate and increased urine production," said Mulyadi Tedjapranata, Medizone Clinic </span></span><span class="fullpost"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=""Kafein memiliki zat yang dapat memacu detak jantung serta meningkatkan produksi urine," kata Mulyadi Tedjapranata, dokter Klinik Medizone di Apartemen Taman Kemayoran, Jakarta Pusat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">physicians in Apartment Taman Kemayoran, Central Jakarta.<br /><br /></span><span class="fullpost"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Menurut Mulyadi, upaya pencegahan gangguan kemih sejatinya bisa dilakukan sedini mungkin." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">According to Mulyadi, urinary disorders prevention efforts could be true as early as possible. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Beberapa cara yang bisa dilakukan adalah membiasakan untuk tidak menahan keinginan untuk buang air kecil." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Some ways you can do is get used to not resist the urge to urinate. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Bagi anak-anak, melakukan latihan buang air kecil atau toileting assistance bahkan sudah harus dilakukan sejak anak-anak berusia di bawah lima tahun atau balita." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">For the kids, doing exercises urinating or even toileting assistance was to be done since the children aged below five years old or a toddler.</span><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Cara lain yang efektif adalah menghindari penggunaan kloset duduk." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Another effective way is to avoid the use of the toilet seat. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Penggunaan kloset duduk dalam jangka panjang akan memperbesar risiko terjadi infeksi saluran kencing yang bisa menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan berkemih." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The use of the toilet seat in the long run will increase the risk of urinary tract infection that can lead to urinary problems. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pasalnya, permukaan toilet umumnya menjadi perantara penyebaran kuman." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Because the surface of the toilet is generally to mediate the spread of germs. </span><span title="Penggunaan toilet jongkok justru lebih baik." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The use of squat toilets are even more better.<br /><br /></span><span title="Pasalnya, ini akan membuat pengguna tidak bersentuhan langsung dengan permukaan toilet sehingga lebih higienis." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The reason is, this will make users not in direct contact with the surface so that more hygienic toilets. </span><span class="fullpost"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=""Apalagi, jika kerap memakai fasilitas toilet umum, toilet jongkok lebih baik," ujar dia." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">"Moreover, if you frequently use public toilet facilities, better squat toilets," he said.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Tak hanya itu, penggunaan kloset duduk juga membuat otot saluran kencing bekerja lebih keras saat mengejang atau mengeluarkan urine." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Not only that, the use of the toilet seat also makes muscles of the urinary tract to work harder when twitched or remove the urine. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dalam tahap ringan, infeksi saluran kemih biasanya ditandai dengan anyang-anyangan atau keluarnya air seni yang tak tuntas, sakit perut bagian bawah, serta rasa sakit saat akhir buang air kecil." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In the mild stage, urinary tract infections are usually marked with Anyang-anyangan or discharge of urine which was completely, lower abdominal pain, and pain at the end of urination.<br /><br /></span><span title="Kondisi ini tentu mengganggu aktivitas kita." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">This condition would interfere with our activities. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Bahkan, kalau dibiarkan berlarut, ini bisa menimbulkan infeksi pada saluran kencing, gangguan psikososial seperti depresi dan gangguan tidur." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In fact, if allowed to go on, it can cause urinary tract infections, psychosocial disorders such as depression and sleep disorders. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="(KONTAN/Herlina Kartika Dewi)" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">(KONTAN / Herlina Kartika Dewi)</span></span></span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-63182826428659191592009-12-28T06:33:00.000-08:002009-12-28T06:36:14.993-08:00the most expensive disease<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:cZNjVeZsLl7b9M:http://malaysiasms.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/humanbody.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 262px; height: 216px;" src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:cZNjVeZsLl7b9M:http://malaysiasms.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/humanbody.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Tiap tahunnya biaya pengobatan hampir semua penyakit semakin meningkat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Medical expenses each year almost all diseases are increasing. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Tapi diantara semua jenis penyakit itu ada yang biayanya amat mahal." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">But among all types of diseases that cost was very expensive. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Hindari 10 penyakit ini jika tidak ingin jatuh miskin." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">10 Avoid this sickness if you do not want to fall in poverty.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Seperti dikutip dari Forbes, Rabu (16/12/2009), ada 10 penyakit dengan biaya termahal di Amerika Serikat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">As quoted in Forbes, Wednesday (16/12/2009), there are 10 diseases with the highest costs in the United States.<br /><br /></span><span title="1." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">1. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Penyakit mental" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Mental illness<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Peningkatan biaya per tahun 6 persen." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Increased costs per year 6 per cent. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Total ongkos penanganan penyakit ini di Amerika telah mencapai US$ 142,2 miliar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The total cost of handling this disease in the United States has reached U.S. $ 142.2 billion.<br /><br /></span><span class="fullpost"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Penyakit mental diantaranya yaitu Alzheimer, Parkinson, Schizoprenia, depresi dan lainnya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Including mental illness is Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Schizoprenia, depression and others. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Perkembangan obat terkini dan proses penyembuhan yang lama membuat penyakit ini menjadi penyakit dengan biaya pengobatan termahal diantara semua penyakit yang ada." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Recent drug development and the long healing process makes this disease a disease with the highest medical costs among all the existing diseases.<br /><br /></span><span title="2." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">2. </span><span title="Penyakit jantung" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Heart disease<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Peningkatan biaya per tahun 5 persen." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Increased cost-per-year 5 per cent. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Total ongkos penanganan penyakit ini di Amerika telah mencapai US$ 123,1 miliar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The total cost of handling this disease in the United States has reached U.S. $ 123.1 billion.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Penyakit jantung masih menjadi penyakit pembunuh nomor 1 di dunia." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Heart disease remains the number 1 killer disease in the world. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Hal ini disebabkan semakin banyak orang yang merokok dan meningkatnya pola hidup tidak sehat seperti makanan berkolesterol tinggi dan jarangnya olahraga." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">This is because more and more people who smoke and increasing unhealthy lifestyle such as high cholesterol foods and lack of exercise.<br /><br /></span><span title="3." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">3. </span><span title="Trauma" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Trauma<br /></span><span title="Peningkatan biaya per tahun 6 persen." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Increased costs per year 6 per cent. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Total ongkos penanganan penyakit ini di Amerika telah mencapai US$ 100,2 miliar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The total cost of handling this disease in the United States has reached U.S. $ 100.2 billion.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Biaya pengobatan orang yang terkena trauma terus meningkat karena tiap kasus berbeda-beda cara pengobatannya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Medical expenses of people affected by the trauma continues to increase because each case different ways of treatment. </span><span title="Selain itu alat-alat untuk mendiagnosis penyakit ini seperti Computed tomography scans cukup mahal harganya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Also tools to diagnose this disease such as Computed tomography scans are expensive enough.<br /><br /></span><span title="4." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">4. </span><span title="Kanker" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Cancer<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Peningkatan biaya per tahun 7 persen." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Increased cost-per-year 7 per cent. </span><span title="Total ongkos penanganan penyakit ini di Amerika telah mencapai US$ 99,4 miliar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The total cost of handling this disease in the United States has reached U.S. $ 99.4 billion.<br /><br /></span><span title="Kanker dengan biaya pengobatan termahal adalah kanker usus besar, kanker payudara, kanker paru-paru dan kanker prostat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Cancer treatment costs are most expensive colon cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer and prostate cancer. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kunci dari menghindari penyakit ini adalah dengan menghindari merokok dan menjaga asupan makanan yang sehat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">A key part of avoiding this disease is by avoiding smoking and maintaining a healthy food intake.<br /><br /></span><span title="5." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">5. </span><span title="Penyakit paru-paru" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Phthisis<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Peningkatan biaya per tahun 6 persen." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Increased costs per year 6 per cent. </span><span title="Total ongkos penanganan penyakit ini di Amerika telah mencapai US$ 64,6 miliar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The total cost of handling this disease in the United States has reached U.S. $ 64.6 billion.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Yang termasuk penyakit paru-paru diantaranya asma, emphysema (pembengkakan atau radang paru-paru) dan penyakit Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) lainnya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Which include lung diseases including asthma, emphysema (swelling or inflammation of the lungs) and Chronic diseases obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) others.<br /><br /></span><span title="6." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">6. </span><span title="Hipertensi (tekanan darah tinggi)" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Hypertension (high blood pressure)<br /></span><span title="Peningkatan biaya per tahun 9 persen." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Increased cost of 9 percent per year. </span><span title="Total ongkos penanganan penyakit ini di Amerika telah mencapai US$ 50,2 miliar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The total cost of handling this disease in the United States has reached U.S. $ 50.2 billion.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Penyakit ini membutuhkan biaya yang cukup besar karena banyak dokter yang memberi obat dalam jumlah yang tak tanggung-tanggung pada pasiennya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">This disease requires significant costs because many doctors who prescribe the amount of unsparing in his patients. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kualitas obat juga menentukan harganya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Drug quality also determines the price. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Jika saja obat hipertensi dibuat generiknya mungkin biaya penyakit ini bisa ditekan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If hypertension is made generic drugs may cost this disease can be suppressed.<br /><br /></span><span title="7." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">7. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Osteoarthritis (radang sendi/rematik)" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Osteoarthritis (arthritis / rheumatism)<br /></span><span title="Peningkatan biaya per tahun 8 persen." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Increased cost-per-year 8 per cent. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Total ongkos penanganan penyakit ini di Amerika telah mencapai US$ 48 miliar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The total cost of handling this disease in the United States has reached U.S. $ 48 billion.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Obesitas dan ukuran pinggang yang membesar adalah faktor yang memperbesar risiko penyakit ini." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Obesity and an enlarged waist size is a factor that increases the risk of this disease. </span><span title="Obat-obatan mahal seperti Vioxx dan Celebrex yang muncul pada awal tahun 2000 menambah mahal biaya penyembuhan penyakit radang sendi ini." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Expensive drugs such as Vioxx and Celebrex that emerged in early 2000 to add expensive arthritis cure this. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pada tahun 2004, Vioxx ditarik dari pasaran karena memicu risiko serangan jantung." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In 2004, Vioxx, withdrawn from the market because the risk of triggering a heart attack.<br /><br /></span><span title="8." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">8. </span><span title="Sakit punggung" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Back pain<br /></span><span title="Peningkatan biaya per tahun 9 persen." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Increased cost of 9 percent per year. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Total ongkos penanganan penyakit ini di Amerika telah mencapai US$ 40,1 miliar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The total cost of handling this disease in the United States has reached U.S. $ 40.1 billion.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pengeluaran untuk penyakit ini banyak dihabiskan untuk operasi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Expenditures for these diseases was spent for operations. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Ada juga obat-obatan mahal yang bersifat narcotic (membius) untuk mengatasi penyakit ini." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">There are also drugs that are expensive narcotic (drug) to overcome this disease. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Namun sebuah studi yang dimuat dalam Journal of the American Medical Association mengatakan bahwa semua pengobatan mahal itu tidak membuat seseorang lebih baik." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">But a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, said that all the expensive treatments that did not make a person better.<br /><br /></span><span title="9." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">9. </span><span title="Penyakit ginjal" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Kidney disease<br /></span><span title="Peningkatan biaya per tahun 13 persen." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Increased cost-per-year 13 per cent. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Total ongkos penanganan penyakit ini di Amerika telah mencapai US$ 35,9 miliar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The total cost of handling this disease in the United States has reached U.S. $ 35.9 billion.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Penemuan teknik dialisis untuk penderita penyakit ginjal membuat penanganan penyakit ini mahal." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The discovery of dialysis techniques for patients with kidney disease makes it an expensive disease management. </span><span title="Teknik dialisis adalah teknologi pertama yang sangat mahal dalam menangani penyakit ginjal." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Dialysis technique is the first technology that is very expensive to handle kidney disease.<br /><br /></span><span title="10." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">10. </span><span title="Diabetes" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Diabetes<br /></span><span title="Peningkatan biaya per tahun 8 persen." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Increased cost-per-year 8 per cent. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Total ongkos penanganan penyakit ini di Amerika telah mencapai US$ 35,8 triliun." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The total cost of handling this disease in the United States has reached U.S. $ 35.8 trillion.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Hampir 24 juta orang Amerika terkena diabetes dan pemicunya tertingginya adalah obesitas." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Nearly 24 million Americans affected by diabetes and obesity triggers are highest. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Penyakit diabetes bisa memicu penyakit-penyakit lainnya seperti jantung dan kanker." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Diabetes could trigger other diseases such as heart disease and cancer. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Namun karena penyakit-penyakit itu sudah berbeda lagi pengobatannya, maka penyakit diabetes sendiri tidak memakan biaya yang lebih tinggi dari penyakit jantung atau kanker." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">However, because the diseases were different back treatments, the diabetes itself does not take a higher cost of heart disease or cancer.</span></span></span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-24887764137343843582009-12-28T06:20:00.000-08:002009-12-28T06:24:53.424-08:00brain is able to feel the others person's pain<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:rPL41orslMxLBM:http://bouraq.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/gelombang-otak.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 242px; height: 160px;" src="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:rPL41orslMxLBM:http://bouraq.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/gelombang-otak.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pernahkah Anda merasa seolah-olah merasakan sakit yang sedang dirasakan orang lain?" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Have you ever felt as if the pain is being felt someone else? </span><span title="Perasaan Anda mungkin benar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Your feelings may be right. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Sebuah studi yang menggunakan pencitraan otak menunjukkan, sebagian orang memiliki kemampuan merasakan sakit yang diderita orang lain." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">A study using brain imaging to show, some people have the ability to feel the pain suffered by others.<br /><span class="fullpost"><br /><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dengan menggunakan teknik pencitraan otak MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), peneliti dari Inggris menemukan bukti bahwa orang yang mengatakan mereka seolah mengalami rasa sakit orang lain pada kenyataannya memang demikian." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">By using brain imaging techniques MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), researchers from the UK found evidence that people who say they experience pain as other people in fact do so.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dari pemeriksaan MRI diketahui, aktivitas otak di bagian yang berfungsi merasakan sakit meningkat saat orang tersebut menyaksikan orang lain kesakitan atau terluka." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">MRI examination of the unknown, the brain activity that serves the pain increases when people are watching other people in pain or injured. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kemampuan merasakan sakit ini disebut juga dengan sakit fungsional." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The ability to feel pain is referred to as functional illness.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=""Orang yang mengalami rasa sakit fungsional mengalami perasaan sakit meski secara fisik ia tidak terluka atau kena penyakit," kata Dr Stuart Derbyshire dari University of Birmingham, salah satu peneliti dalam studi ini." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">"People who have functional pain experience pain even though he was not physically injured or illness," said Dr Stuart Derbyshire of the University of Birmingham, one of the researchers in this study.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Untuk selanjutnya Derbyshire melakukan studi untuk mengetahui apakah orang yang mampu merasakan sakit fungsional juga memiliki respon sama bila ia melihat foto orang terluka." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Derbyshire henceforth study to determine whether people who are able to feel pain also have a functional response as if he saw pictures of people injured.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dalam risetnya ia meminta 108 relawan untuk mengamati beberapa foto situasi orang kesakitan, seperti atlet yang mengalami luka saat pertandingan atau orang yang sedang disuntik." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In his research he asked 108 volunteers to watch some of photographs of people in pain situations, such as athletes who suffered injuries during the game or the person being injected. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Hampir sepertiga partisipan mengaku mereka tidak hanya mengalami reaksi emosi namun juga seolah merasakan sakit seperti yang tampak di gambar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Nearly a third of participants admitted they were not only experiencing emotional reactions but also feel the pain as seen in the picture.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Berdasarkan hasil MRI diketahui adanya perubahan sirkulasi darah di otak dan area otak yang merespon sakit juga lebih aktif saat responden mengamati foto-foto situasi orang kesakitan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Based on the MRI finding out whether the changes in blood circulation in the brain and the brain areas that respond to pain are also more active when respondents looking at photos of people in pain situation. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Selain itu diketahui juga bahwa aktivitas otak yang berfungsi dalam hal emosi tampak lebih aktif." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Also note also that the functional brain activity in terms of emotion seemed more active.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=""Kami merasa hasil studi sudah menjadi bukti yang cukup bahwa sebagian orang memang merasakan reaksi fisik saat mengamati orang lain terluka atau kesakitan," kata Derbyshire." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">"We feel the results of the study was a proof enough that some people do feel a physical reaction when watching someone else get hurt or in pain," said Derbyshire.</span></span></span></span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-62149736548273683382009-12-14T05:26:00.000-08:002009-12-16T21:18:46.844-08:00The Case against Prita, a bad communication doctor and patient<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:j-rvrlu1lvSsBM:http://kolojengking.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/prita-mulyasari.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 101px; height: 135px;" src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:j-rvrlu1lvSsBM:http://kolojengking.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/prita-mulyasari.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.kompas.com/data/photo/2009/12/06/1633551p.JPG"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 298px; height: 225px;" src="http://www.kompas.com/data/photo/2009/12/06/1633551p.JPG" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kasus yang menimpa Prita Mulyasari seharusnya bisa dicegah apabila ada komunikasi yang baik antara pasien dan dokter." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The case against Prita Mulyasari could have been prevented if there is good communication between patients and physicians. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Demikian dikatakan Ketua Majelis Kehormatan Etika Kedokteran (MKEK) Ikatan Dokter Indonesia (IDI) Cabang Jakarta Barat Prof dr Budi Sampurna, SH, SpF, DFM." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">As stated by the Honorary Chairperson of the Medical Ethics (MKEK) Indonesian Doctors Association (IDI) West Jakarta Branch Prof. Dr. Budi Sampurna, SH, SpF, DFM.<br /><span class="fullpost"><span title="Budi menyarankan, jembatan penghubung antara pasien dan dokter harusnya diperkuat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Budi suggested, a bridge between patients and doctors should be strengthened. </span><span title="Hal ini pun sedang diupayakan mengingat kesadaran masyarakat terhadap kebutuhan informasi medis terus meningkat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">This also was trying to remember people's awareness of the needs of medical information continues to increase. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kesadaran dokter, bahwa masyarakat butuh ketenangan dengan mengetahui penyakitnya, pun kian bertambah." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Awareness of physicians, that societies need to find peace with his illness, even increasing.<br /><span class="fullpost"><br /></span><span title="Budi menyampaikan hal itu dalam seminar awam bertajuk Bagaimana Berobat Secara Pintar yang digelar dalam rangka memperingati HUT Ke-90 RS Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) pekan lalu." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Budi deliver it in layman seminar titled How Berobat In Smart held in order to commemorate the 90th anniversary Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) last week. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dalam seminar itu, diberikan pengetahuan mengenai pendekatan diagnosis dan terapi seorang dokter serta saran dan cara-cara dalam menghindari malapraktik." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In this seminar, given knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment approach of a physician as well as suggestions and ways of avoiding malpractice.<br /><br /></span><span title="Budi menyarankan agar pasien tak ragu untuk bertanya kepada dokter mengenai penyakitnya sehingga terhindar dari miskomunikasi yang berujung pada perselisihan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Budi suggested that the patient did not hesitate to ask the doctor about the disease so avoid the miscommunication that led to the dispute. </span><span title="Selain itu, dokter pun seharusnya lebih komunikatif terhadap pasien mengenai penyakit yang pasien alami." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In addition, doctors should be more communicative to the patient about the patient's illness experience.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dalam kesempatan terpisah, Ketua Konsili Kedokteran Indonesia (KKI) Prof dr Menaldi Rasmin, Sp P(K) FCCP, memberikan tanggapan terhadap kasus malapraktik secara umum." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In a separate occasion, Chairman of the Medical Council of Indonesia (KKI) Prof. dr Menaldi Rasmin, Sp P (K) FCCP, giving a response to malpractice cases in general. </span><span title="Ia secara pribadi mengatakan, tak ada dokter yang sengaja berniat melakukan kesalahan dalam melakukan praktik karena menyangkut kredibilitas dan kariernya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">He personally said, no doctor who deliberately intend to make mistakes in practice because it involves the credibility and his career.<br /><br /></span><span title=""Kalau sengaja melakukannya, lambat laun semua orang akan tahu dan lama-lama akan terhenti kariernya. Perlu diingat bahwa dokter juga seorang manusia," ujarnya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">"If you deliberately do so, gradually everyone will know and a long career to a halt. Please note that the doctor is also a human being," he said.<br /><br /></span><span title="Menurut Menaldi, semua dokter akan berupaya bekerja sebaik yang ia lakukan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">According Menaldi, all doctors will try to work as well as he did. </span><span title="Namun, sebuah kecelakaan dan sebuah hal lain bisa saja terjadi di luar tindakan yang diprediksi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">However, an accident and one other thing could have happened outside the predicted action. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=""Semua tindakan medis tentulah berisiko. Semua kemungkinan risiko sudah dicoba untuk dicegah, dipersiapkan kemungkinan terburuk sehingga jika memang terjadi sesuatu yang di luar dugaan, maka bisa saja keluarga pasien tidak terima. Tapi ini namanya sengketa medis dan bukan malapraktik karena itu yang paling penting adalah" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">"All the medical action is certainly risky. All possible risks have been tried to be prevented, so be prepared if the worst does happen something unexpected, then the patient's family could not accept. But this is the name dispute is not medical malpractice and therefore the most important thing is </span><span title="komunikasi antara dokter dan pasien," tandasnya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">communication between doctors and patients, "he said.<br /><br /></span><span title="Lebih jauh, Menaldi menjelaskan bahwa seorang dokter bekerja hanya untuk kepentingan pasien." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Furthermore, Menaldi explained that a doctor working only for the interests of patients. </span><span title="Jika pasien tak mau melakukan tindakan, maka itu terserah pada pasien." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If the patient does not want to do something, then it is up to the patient. </span><span title="Tugas dokter hanya menjelaskan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Duty doctor just explained. </span><span title="Namun, pilihan tetap pada pasien." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">However, the choice of patients. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=""Jika pasien mau melakukan tindakan, maka pasien harus diberi tahu dan setuju. Pasien juga harus menandatangani surat persetujuan tindakan medis." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">"If patients want to take action, then the patient should be informed and agree. The patient also must sign a consent procedure.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Yang penting, kata dia, dokter harus mementingkan pasien dan bukan dirinya sendiri." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">What matters, he said, doctors should be concerned with the patient and not himself. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Jangan lupa untuk komunikasikan hal buruk dan baik yang mungkin terjadi terhadap pasien di antara pasien dan dokter sehingga mengurangi risiko sengketa medis." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Do not forget to communicate the bad and the good things that might happen to the patient between patients and physicians, thereby reducing the risk of medical disputes.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=""Sebaiknya berikan saja semua keterangan medis yang menjadi hak pasien, tapi perlu diingatkan juga bahwa dokter bukanlah dewa dan bisa saja terjadi hal-hal yang di luar perhitungan kita," tandas Menaldi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">"You'd better give me all the medical information into the right patient, but need to be reminded also that doctors are not gods and can happen things that are beyond our reckoning," said Menaldi.<br /><br />Kompas.com<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="dr.Intan Airlina Febiliawanti" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">dr.Intan Airlina Febiliawanti</span></span></span></span></span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-71856921128908488442009-12-14T05:23:00.001-08:002009-12-14T05:26:24.690-08:00Asthma...Doing the treatment at home<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:j7XbpORrXlnvIM:http://muslimdaily.net/new/berita/asmaanak.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 111px; height: 111px;" src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:j7XbpORrXlnvIM:http://muslimdaily.net/new/berita/asmaanak.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br />Asthma caused by chronic airway inflammation that causes breathing conduit sensitive, easy to tighten if it exposed to something, such as house dust.<br /><br />Asthma treatment consists of drugs that dilate the airway tube (bronchodilators) and drug-reducing inflammatory processes. Usually bronchodilators drugs can be stopped if the patient is not crowded anymore (airway tube was widened again).<br /><br />However, anti-inflammatory drugs should be used consistently in persistent asthma. Anti-inflammatory drugs reduce the inflammatory process beneficial and will reduce the sensitivity of the airway tube. Expected long-term airway tube which will be hyper-reactive airways resemble those pipes are not asthma. These drugs are generally groups of steroids. The most widely used is in the form of inhaled drugs.<span class="fullpost"><br /><br />Steroid drugs useful, but the use of systemic (either tablets or injections) will lead to long-term risk of side effects, such as cataracts, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus.<br /><br />Inhaled steroid drugs can also cause side effects, but including light and not difficult to overcome, a fungus on the throat and vocal cords. For that, after inhaling this medicine, it is recommended gargling with warm water.<br /><br />Trigger<br /><br />Patients with chronic diseases, including asthma, should be familiar with the disease and treatment properly. Patients need to recognize the early symptoms of an attack can be coughing or shortness. Usually, before a trigger, such as fatigue, allergies (such as house dust and animal hair), and respiratory infections, particularly viral infections.<br /><br />Afflicted with asthma may experience an attack of influenza. Therefore, trigger asthma attacks should be avoided. To avoid influenza, can by avoiding people who are influenza, wash your hands regularly, and influenza vaccination.<br /><br />One of asthma therapy is to progress the achievement of a good quality of life. Formerly with asthma are limited activities for fear of attacks occur. With the new therapy and if it can be controlled completely, patients can berkegiatan like other people, including quite heavy exercise.<br /><br />To be able to control the total, required a good cooperation between doctors and patients. Progressive asthma medication is given to achieve the best lung function.<br /><br />Asthma medication side effect was not breathing heavier than taking drugs, even lighter. Therefore, current treatment of chronic asthma asthma drug sniff priority, both for bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory.<br /><br />Recognize drug<br /><br />Patients or families should recognize that drugs should be used. With asthma should not run out of medicine because of the late administration of drugs can make asthma attacks more severe. Asthma medications work more quickly sniff so it can quickly relieve the attack.<br /><br />Patient or family must be good at monitoring the results of therapy. If no improvement occurs, must be treated at the nearest hospital emergency room. Do not wait until morning or depend on a particular doctor.<br /><br />The element of time in therapy of acute asthma attacks is essential. The sooner treated, it usually also quicker recovery. Patients who had not had an attack can be a sudden onset of severe acute attacks. In this situation, patients should be treated in hospital.<br /><br />Mild asthma and are easier to treat than severe asthma. In severe asthma drug combination is needed. In addition to inhaled drugs, are sometimes necessary medicine to drink and injections. Chronic asthma can be controlled by avoiding triggers and using anti-inflammatory drugs and bronchodilators added if necessary.<br /><br />Treatment of chronic asthma can not be done with a single injection or take medicine only a few days. Anti-inflammatory drugs should be used in a long time and if symptoms of asthma need plus bronchodilators.<br /><br />For the beginning of treatment, inhaled asthma medication is more expensive. However, for the long term can actually save the drugs should be used if there is an acute attack or prevent the hospital. (Dr. Samsuridjal Djauzi)</span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-7001328954260564752009-12-14T05:07:00.000-08:002009-12-14T05:11:58.550-08:00A New Record!! an old woman gave birth!!<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://i467.photobucket.com/albums/rr39/W4nzz/vF9TsvCE5x_3.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 250px; height: 205px;" src="http://i467.photobucket.com/albums/rr39/W4nzz/vF9TsvCE5x_3.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="HARYANA, INDIA - Warga India bernama Rajo Devi menjadi wanita tertua di dunia yang masih bisa melahirkan.">Haryana, India - An Indian named Rajo Devi became the oldest woman in the world that can still give birth. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dia melahirkan anak perempuannya pada 28 November lalu padahal usianya suda mencapai 70 tahun.">She gave birth to her daughter on November 28, then when she was 70 years suda reach.<br /><br /><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dokter kandungan di Rumah Sakit Hisar negara bagian Haryana India, Anurag Bishnoi mengatakan, Devi mengandung anaknya melalui proses bayi tabung.">Obstetricians in Hospital Hisar Haryana state of India, Anurag Bishnoi said, Devi pregnant with his child through IVF process. </span><span title="Proses pemindahan embrio dilakukan pada 19 April lalu.">Embryo transfer process made on 19 April. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=""Ibu dan bayinya dalam kondisi sehat," kata Bishnoi">"Mother and baby are in excellent health," said Bishnoi<br /><span class="fullpost"><span class="fullpost"><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Sebelumnya rekor dipegang oleh seorang wanita Spanyol bernama Maria Del yang pada 2006 lalu melahirkan bayi kembar.">Previous record held by a Spanish woman named Maria Del who in 2006 gave birth to twins. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dia melahirkan di usia 67 tahun.">She gave birth at the age of 67 years.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Suami Devi, Bala Ram yang kini berusia 72 tahun, sempat juga menikahi saudara perempuan Devi.">Devi's husband, Bala Ram, now 72 years old, had also married the sister Devi. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Ini dikarenakan Devi tak bisa memberinya anak selama 10 tahun pertama usia pernikahannya.">This is because Devi could not give her children during the first 10 years of age marriage.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Ram mengaku telah melakukan segala upaya untuk menghasilkan keturunan.">Ram claims to have made every effort to produce offspring. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=""Saya khawatir tidak ada yang dapat melanjutkan generasi kami," tutur Ram.">"I'm afraid that no one can continue our generation," said Ram. </span><span title="Mengadopsi anak, menurut Ram, bukan masalah.">Adopting a child, according to Ram, no problem. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Di kawasan pegunungan Haryana, tinggal dengan keluarga lain merupakan hal biasa.">Haryana in the mountains, living with other families is common. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Hanya saja, itu tidak berasal dari darah dagingnya sendiri">Only, it does not come from his own flesh and blood</span></span></span></span></span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-76078964724549632472009-12-14T05:05:00.000-08:002009-12-14T05:16:42.455-08:00Advantages of onion<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:uZkTQ7D1qlKxfM:http://www.awl.ch/heilpflanzen/allium_sativum/knoblauch.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 134px; height: 91px;" src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:uZkTQ7D1qlKxfM:http://www.awl.ch/heilpflanzen/allium_sativum/knoblauch.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a>
<br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Orang Eropa telah menggunakan bawang semenjak zaman perunggu, namun kemungkinan bawang berasal dari Asia Barat atau Asia Tengah." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Europeans have used since the Bronze Age onions, but onions may come from West Asia or Central Asia. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pentateuch, bagian tertua dari Bible, bahkan mempunyai catatan mengenai bawang merah dan bawang putih." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Pentateuch, the oldest part of the Bible, and even has a record of the onion and garlic. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Nama "onion" yang artinya bawang berasal dari era Latin akhir "cepa," atau kata turunannya, "cepolla."" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The name "onion" which means garlic comes from the era of the late Latin "cepa," or derivatives, "cepolla."
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<br /><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Bawang dapat berfungsi ganda, baik sebagai sayuran atau bumbu." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Onions can serve double, either as vegetables or herbs. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kebanyakan makanan di seluruh dunia menambahkan bawang di banyak hidangan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Most food in the world add onions in many dishes. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Orang Austria, contohnya, mengonsumsi rata-rata 6 kilogram bawang per orang setiap tahunnya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The Austrians, for instance, consumes an average of 6 pounds of onions per person each year.
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<br /><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Varitas bawang sangat banyak pada bentuk, warna dan rasa." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Onion varieties very much in shape, color and taste. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Rasa ringan dari bawang Spanyol idealnya cocok untuk daging panggang, sebagai bahan bumbu (dalam campuran dengan sayur lain, untuk menambah cita rasa)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Mild onion taste of Spain ideally suited for grilled meats, as a spice (in a mixture with other vegetables, to add flavor). </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Bawang merah bahkan lebih ringan, dan digunakan terutama pada salad." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Onion even lighter, and is used mainly in salads. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Bawang bombay dengan rasa bawangnya yang kuat dan aromanya yang unik sangat disukai untuk memberi aroma pada makanan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Onions with a strong garlic taste and unique aroma that is very desirable to provide aroma in food. </span><span title="Dan, jangan dilupakan bawang hijau, bawang prei dan jenis bawang putih yang lain." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">And, do not forget the green onion, leek and garlic types other.
<br /><spam class="fullpost"><span class="fullpost">
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<br /></spam></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Ketajaman karakteristik bawang berasal dari kandungan belerangnya yang mengandung minyak." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Sharpness characteristics derived from the content of onion belerangnya containing oil. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Sayuran yang mengandung kadar gula tinggi (hingga 8%) terbukti mampu memberikan rasa manis dan nikmat bagi sajian masakan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Vegetables that contain high sugar levels (up to 8%) proved to provide a sweet taste and delicious for serving food. </span><span title="Bawang yang disajikan sebagai masakan sayuran hampir bebas lemak, dan juga mengandung mineral dan vitamin dengan prosentase tinggi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Garlic is presented as a vegetable dish is almost free of fat, and also contain minerals and vitamins with a high percentage. </span><span title="Juga dapat meningkatkan metabolisme." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Also can increase your metabolism.
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<br /></span><span title="Bawang dapat dianggap sebagai tanaman antibiotik, karena kemampuannya membunuh kuman dan mencegah peradangan pada mulut dan sistem pencernaan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Onions can be regarded as a plant antibiotic, because of its ability to kill bacteria and prevent inflammation of the mouth and digestive system. </span><span title="Beberapa sumber bahkan menganggap bawang memiliki kemampuan menyembuhkan, dalam kasus ini seperti penyakit jantung ringan, pembekuan darah dan pencegahan kanker." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Some sources even consider garlic has the ability to heal, in this case as a mild heart disease, blood clotting and prevention of cancer. </span><span title="Pada umumnya, bawang dapat menahan naiknya gula darah, bekerja menurunkan kolesterol dan memiliki sifat antioksidan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In general, garlic can help increase blood sugar, lower cholesterol and work has antioxidant properties.
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<br /></span><span title="Bawang bermanfaat bagi keseluruhan sistem pencernaan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Beneficial for the whole onion digestive system. </span><span title="Sayuran (dari daun bawang) merangsang nafsu makan dan membantu perkembangan produksi lambung, organ dalam dan cairan empedu." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Vegetables (from green onion) stimulate the appetite and help the development of the production of stomach, internal organs and bile. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Bawang dapat melancarkan buang air seni, dan dapat meningkatkan fungsi kandung kemih." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Onions can be launched urination, and can improve bladder function. </span><span title="Bawang memiliki suatu daya tarik menarik pada (sel) kulit, dan dapat membantu menyembuhkan luka, termasuk infeksi ringan pada umumnya, gigitan serangga, luka bakar ringan, luka sayat, borok ringan dan bisulan sesaat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Garlic has an interesting appeal to the (cell) skin, and can help heal wounds, including a mild infection in general, insect bites, minor burns, cuts, ulcers and boil lightly for a moment. </span><span title="Saat gejala kedinginan, flu atau ingusan, bawang dapat digunakan sebagai pencegah, serta dapat meringankan batuk dan sakit tenggorokan ringan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">When symptoms of cold, flu or runny nose, onions can be used as a deterrent, and can relieve cough and mild sore throat.
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<br /></span><span title="Bawang adalah sayuran yang menyehatkan yang dapat juga disajikan atau dimakan sebagai jus tonik, untuk efek penyembuhan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Garlic is a healthy vegetable that can be also served or eaten as a tonic juice, for a healing effect.
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<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Jus bawang dapat dibuat sebagai berikut: ambil satu biji bawang kecil, kupas dan cacah, campur dengan dua sendok makan madu dan ½ cangkir air." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Onion juice can be made as follows: take one small onion seeds, peeled and chopped, mixed with two tablespoons of honey and ½ cup water. </span><span title="Panaskan pelan-pelan sampai mendidih selama lima menit." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Heat slowly to boiling for five minutes.
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<br /></span><span title="Setelah campuran mendidih, aduk, angkat dari api, diamkan selama lima jam, hingga benar-benar dingin." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">After the mixture boils, stir, remove from heat, let stand for five hours, until completely cold.
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<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Saring ampasnya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Strain the pulp. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Minumlah airnya satu sendok makan, tiga kali sehari, sebagai pencegah flu, atau bagi manfaat kesehatan pada umumnya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Drink one tablespoon of water, three times a day, as flu prevention, or for health benefits in general.
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<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dalam cara penyajian, bawang dapat disajikan mentahan, digoreng atau ditumis dengan sedikit minyak." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In this way the presentation, can be presented mentahan onions, fried or pan-fried with a little oil. (aneh22.blogspot.com)</span></span></span>
<br /></span></span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-15148862807925307872009-12-14T05:01:00.000-08:002009-12-14T05:13:49.430-08:00horrible allergies because the hair coloring<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://images.detik.com/content/2009/12/02/763/charlotte-dalam.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 237px; height: 200px;" src="http://images.detik.com/content/2009/12/02/763/charlotte-dalam.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Hati-hati jika Anda senang mewarnai rambut." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Be careful if you love hair coloring. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Seorang gadis di Inggris sempat mengalami alergi yang sangat parah setelah mengecat rambutnya karena bahan cat rambutnya memicu reaksi eksim." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">A girl in England had experienced a very severe allergies after dyed her hair because her hair paints trigger eczema reaction. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Atas penderitaan yang dialami, pengadilan menghukum pemilik salon untuk membayar kompensasi 20 ribu poundsterling kepada gadis tersebut." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Experienced the suffering, the court sentenced salon owner to pay compensation of 20 thousand pounds to the girl.<br /><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kasus tersebut dialami Charlotte Gilchrist di tahun 2004 saat ia berusia 16 tahun." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The case experienced Gilchrist Charlotte in 2004 when he was 16 years old. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Saat itu ia mengalami reaksi alergi yang sangat parah setelah melakukan pewarnaan rambut di sebuah salo." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">At that time he experienced an allergic reaction so severe after the hair coloring in a salo. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Akibat alergi ini Charlotte terpaksa tidak sekolah beberapa hari dan mengharuskannya dirawat di rumah sakit." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">As a result of this allergy Charlotte schools had not a few days and require hospitalization.<span class="fullpost"><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Charlotte pergi ke salon untuk mengubah warna rambutnya karena akan menghadiri acara pesta dansa di sekolahnya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Charlotte went to the salon to change her hair color because it will attend the event at her school dance. </span><span title="Tapi setelah melakukan pewarnaan, bukan hanya rambutnya yang berubah tapi wajahnya menjadi bengkak dan dirinya tidak bisa melihat selama 5 hari." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">But after doing the coloring, not only changed her hair but her face became swollen and he could not see for 5 days.<span class="fullpost"><span class="fullpost"><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Sesaat setelah rambutnya diwarnai, Charlotte mulai merasakan gatal di kepalanya kemudian diikuti oleh rasa terbakar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Shortly after her hair colored, Charlotte began to feel the itch on his head and then followed by the burning. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Rasa sakit yang tak tertahankan tersebut mengharuskannya meninggalkan sekolah keesokan hari dan kembali ke salon tersebut." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The pain is unbearable obliged to leave school the next day and returned to the salon. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Namun, dirinya hanya mendapatkan perawatan yang disebut dengan pendinginan tapi tidak memberikan pengaruh apapun." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">However, he only got treatment called cooling but did not give any effect.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="“Saya sangat takut, ketika bangun keesokan harinya bagian kanan wajahku bengkak, ada cairan bening yang keluar dari kepala dan membuat saya tidak bisa melihat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">"I was very afraid, when he woke up the next morning the right side of my face was swollen, there is a clear liquid that comes out of my head and makes me can not see. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dapatkah Anda bayangkan itu semua terjadi hanya karena cat pewarna rambut?” ujar Charlotte, seperti dikutip dari Dailymail, Rabu (2/12/2009)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Can you imagine it all happened just because the paint hair dye? "Said Charlotte, as quoted from Dailymail, Wednesday (2/12/2009).<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Ketika kembali ke salon, petugas hanya mengungkapkan bahwa hal ini akibat salah dalam penggunaan shampo, padahal shampo tersebut telah digunakannya selama bertahun-tahun dan tidak pernah bermasalah." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">When he returned to the salon, the officer simply said that this is a result of the use of shampoo, and shampoo has been used for years and never a problem.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Charlotte memutuskan untuk pergi ke rumah sakit dan dokter memberinya antihistamin untuk mengurangi pembengkakan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Charlotte decided to go to the hospital and the doctor gave him an antihistamine to reduce swelling. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Tapi dibutuhkan waktu hingga lima hari untuk mengurangi peradangan dan mengembalikan penglihatannya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">But it takes up to five days to reduce inflammation and restore vision.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="“Lima hari tanpa bisa melihat apapun, itu sangat mengkhawatirkan dan saat terbangun di malam hari kepala menjadi sangat gatal dan menyakitkan,” ungkapnya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">"Five days without being able to see anything, it is very worrying, and when awake at night my head became very itchy and painful," he said.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Charlotte akhirnya menempuh jalur hukum dan menuntut pemilik salon tersebut." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Charlotte finally taking legal action and sue the salon owner. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pengadilan pada 1 Desember 2009 akhirnya memenangkan kasusnya dan mewajibkan pemilik salon untuk memberi kompensasi sebesar 20.000 poundsterling." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The court on December 1, 2009 and eventually won his case require salon owners to provide compensation of 20,000 pounds.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Apa yang dialami oleh Charlotte merupakan reaksi eksim atau penyakit kulit yang sangat serius, kini Charlotte dilarang keras untuk mewarnai rambutnya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">What happened to Charlotte is the reaction of the skin disease eczema or very serious, Charlotte is now strictly forbidden to dye her hair. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dan sebuah penelitian terbaru di Wales menunjukkan sekitar 84 persen petugas salon mengecat rambut kliennya tanpa melihat instruksi terlebih dahulu." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">And a recent study in Wales showed about 84 percent of workers painting the hair salon without seeing his client's instructions first.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="“Sebaiknya lakukan tes kulit terlebih dahulu jika ingin mewarnai rambut Anda, karena hal ini bisa terjadi pada siapapun dan terkadang beberapa orang tidak menyadari bahwa dirinya memiliki kulit yang sangat sensitif." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">"You should do the skin test in advance if you want to dye your hair, because it can happen to anyone and sometimes some people do not realize that he has very sensitive skin. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Sehingga tes kulit harus dilakukan terlebih dahulu,” ujar Charlotte yang kini berusia 21 tahun." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">So that the skin test must be done first, "said Charlotte, who is now 21 years old.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Meskipun sampai saat ini penyebab reaksi eksim belum diketahui, tapi biasanya seringkali disebabkan oleh kombinasi antara kulit kering, kulit yang teriritasi serta kurang berfungsinya sistem kekebalan tubuh." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Although until now the cause of eczema reaction is unknown, but usually is often caused by a combination of dry skin, irritated skin and poorly functioning immune system.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Komplikasi yang bisa ditimbulkan akibat reaksi alergi ini seseorang bisa mengalami neurodermatitis yang jika terjadi dalam waktu lama bisa mengubah warna kulit, infeksi kulit serta komplikasi pada mata yang jika tidak ditangani dengan cepat bisa mengakibatkan kerusakan mata permanen." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Complications can be caused due to an allergic reaction to this person may have a case of neurodermatitis in a long time can change the color of skin, skin infections and complications in the eye if not treated quickly can result in permanent eye damage.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Karena itu sebaiknya jangan sembarangan jika ingin mewarnai rambut Anda, pilihlah tempat yang memang sudah mendapatkan pelatihan serta pastikan Anda tidak memiliki reaksi alergi apapun dan tidak memiliki kulit sensitif.(detik.com)" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Because it should not be arbitrary if you want to dye your hair, choose a place that was already received training and make sure you do not have any allergic reactions and do not have sensitive skin. (Detik.com)</span></span></span></span></span></span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-7769964374253970222009-12-14T04:55:00.000-08:002009-12-14T05:01:15.497-08:00Blinding in 30 years, a man can see the world again by bionic eye<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://aespee.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/peterlane.jpg?w=298&h=224"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 298px; height: 224px;" src="http://aespee.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/peterlane.jpg?w=298&h=224" alt="" border="0" /></a><br />Peter Lane thought he would continue to live in darkness due to blindness he suffered for 30 years. But thanks to bionic eye he could see again.<br /><br />51 years old man from Stretford, England, was the first man in the world to live installation of electronic receiving device on the eye which then sends signals to the brain from the glasses.<br /><br />Technology that allows Lane to see the form of an object such as furniture or a door. Bionic eye that helped identify the letter, although it is shaped row of light points.<br /><br />Lane through the installation of equipment at Manchester Eye Hospital UK some time ago. His vision began to fade when he was 20 years old mid decreased due to illness.<br /><span class="fullpost"><br />"Having not seen in a long time, was amazing to be able to see more letters and words. I can read the word 'dad', 'mat', and 'cat' written on a special display, "he told the Daily Mail, Thursday (26/11).<br /><br />Indeed he was only able to recognize short words. But what pleased him most was that he could re-identify shapes.<br /><br />"Because I could have activity habits are common in my apartment without my glasses. But these glasses gave me the confidence and made me more independent, "he added.<br /><br />Lane could not hide his excitement when he could see the car after 30 years. "I am pleased to be part of this experiment," he said.<br /><br />Lane is one of the 32 people who took part of an experimental technology that aims to help people with retinitis pigmentosa, a group of genetic diseases. This disease causes the sufferer loses the ability to see. This experiment is conducted around the world.<br /><br />Bionic eye used Lane developed by Second Sight, a U.S. company that pioneered 11 ophthalmologists throughout the world.<br /><br />Lane, father of two children, this surgery was a tool assembly for four hours. It takes two months for his recovery, before he tested the ability of bionic eye. New Lane could recognize objects beginning this November.</span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-20386518879820283522009-12-07T02:54:00.000-08:002009-12-07T03:02:57.288-08:008 misleading eyes mythsMitos mengenai penyakit mata dan pengobatannya telah lama beredar di tengah masyarakat Indonesia. Mitos ini disampaikan dari generasi ke generasi sehingga sebagian besar masyarakat percaya akan mitos tersebut. Fakta mengenai mitos-mitos tersebut penting untuk diketahui agar masyarakat memiliki persepsi dan pemahaman yang tepat mengenai penyakit mata. Berikut ini kami akan mengupas beberapa fakta dari mitos seputar penyakit mata yang telah lama beredar di masyarakat. <span class="fullpost"><br /><br /><br />1. Bintitan Timbul Karena Sering Mengintip <br />Tidak Benar <br />Bintitan atau dalam istilah kedokteran dikenal dengan nama hordeolum sebenarnya merupakan suatu infeksi pada kelenjar yang terdapat di kelopak mata. Umumnya infeksi ini disebabkan oleh suatu mikroorganisme yang dikenal dengan nama Staphylococcus aureus. Jika kelenjar di kelopak mata ini terinfeksi oleh bakteri tersebut maka akan terbentuk bisul. Bisul pada kelopak mata inilah yang oleh masyarakat dikenal sebagai bintitan. Penyakit ini biasanya akan sembuh sendiri dalam 1-2 minggu. Namun beberapa hal yang dapat dilakukan untuk mempercepat proses penyembuhan antara lain dengan tetap menjaga kebersihan kelopak mata dan memberikan kompres hangat 4x/hari masing-masing selama 10 menit.<br /><br />2. Makan Banyak Wortel Dapat Menyembuhkan Rabun Jauh<br />Tidak Benar<br />Rabun jauh (mata minus) dalam istilah kedokteran dikenal dengan nama miopia merupakan suatu gangguan penglihatan dimana mata tidak mampu untuk melihat benda yang jaraknya jauh sehingga pandangan menjadi kabur saat melihat benda jauh. Rabun jauh ini dapat terjadi karena adanya perubahan kelengkungan kornea, adanya gangguan pada lensa mata atau terjadinya pemanjangan sumbu bola mata.<br /><br />Pemberian wortel dan zat-zat makanan yang kaya akan vitamin A memang terbukti baik bagi kesehatan mata, namun bukan untuk menyembuhkan rabun jauh. Peranan wortel dan vitamin A dalam kesehatan mata adalah untuk mencegah dan mengatasi gangguan mata yang terjadi akibat kekurangan vitamin A seperti xeroftalmia (mata menjadi kering) atau rabun senja (penglihatan yang terganggu di saat gelap/malam hari). Karena itu, jika penyebab pandangan kabur/buram adalah defisiensi vitamin A maka konsumsi banyak wortel dapat membantu mengatasi kelainan mata tersebut, namun jika penyebab pandangan kabur adalah rabun jauh maka sebaiknya diatasi dengan menggunakan kacamata berlensa minus atau lensa kontak. Pada keadaan tertentu, rabun jauh dapat juga diatasi dengan pembedahan pada kornea antara lain keratotomi radial, keratektomi fotorefraktif, Laser Asissted In situ Interlamelar Keratomilieusis (Lasik).<br /><br />3. Membaca Dalam Posisi Tiduran Dapat Menyebabkan Rabun Jauh (Mata Minus)<br />Tidak Benar. <br />Rabun jauh (mata minus) dapat terjadi akibat adanya perubahan kelengkungan kornea, gangguan pada lensa mata atau karena memanjangnya sumbu bola mata. Posisi membaca tidak akan berpengaruh dalam memicu timbulnya rabun jauh. Membaca dalam posisi berbaring (tiduran) akan menimbulkan berbagai keluhan mata yang terjadi akibat mata lelah karena saat membaca dalam posisi berbaring tanpa disadari jarak antara mata dengan buku akan menjadi lebih dekat. Hal ini akan memaksa mata untuk berakomodasi terus menerus agar bayangan jatuh tepat di retina. Mata yang berakomodasi terus menerus akan menjadi cepat lelah sehingga timbul keluhan-keluhan seperti pandangan menjadi buram, mata perih, sakit kepala, dan lain sebagainya. Namun, keluhan keluhan ini hanya bersifat sementara. Dengan mengistirahatkan mata secara teratur maka keluhan-keluhan ini dapat diatasi.<br /><br />4. Menonton TV Terlalu Dekat Dapat Merusak Mata <br />Tidak Benar<br />Menonton TV terlalu dekat hanya akan menyebabkan mata terasa sakit dan tidak nyaman untuk sementara. Saat mata digunakan untuk menonton TV terlalu dekat maka otot-otot mata akan berakomodasi terus menerus dan mata cenderung lupa untuk berkedip sehingga mata menjadi cepat lelah dan kering. Hal ini menyebabkan kualitas penglihatan menjadi terganggu. Namun keluhan-keluhan ini hanya bersifat sementara. Untuk mengatasinya ada baiknya untuk tidak lupa mengistirahatkan mata dengan mengalihkan fokus penglihatan atau dengan melihat sesuatu di tempat yang lebih jauh setiap 15-30 menit.<br /><br />Yang perlu dikhawatirkan dari menonton TV adalah efek dari sinar biru yang dipancarkan oleh TV. Sinar ini dapat menimbulkan kerusakan mata pada anak karena sinar ini berpotensi menyebabkan terbentuknya radikal bebas yang menimbulkan kerusakan pada retina mata anak.<br /><br />Oleh karena itu jelaslah bahwa yang dapat menimbulkan kerusakan pada mata bukanlah jarak menonton yang terlalu dekat terhadap layar TV, namun lamanya paparan terhadap layar TV dan media-media lain yang memancarkan sinar biru seperti komputer, lampu neon, dan lain sebagainya.<br /><br />5. Pengguna Kacamata Harus Selalu Menggunakan Kacamata Terus Menerus Untuk Mencegah Mata Bertambah Rusak<br />Tidak Benar<br />Jika pengguna kacamata melihat tanpa menggunakan kacamata, maka semua benda akan terlihat tidak fokus dan mata akan dipaksa bekerja lebih keras untuk memfokuskan benda tersebut. Mata yang dipaksa bekerja keras dengan berakomodasi terus menerus akan cepat menjadi lelah dan timbul keluhan berupa sakit kepala, mata perih, dan penglihatan kabur. Namun hal ini tidak akan menimbulkan kerusakan jangka panjang terhadap mata. Kaca mata akan membantu anda untuk melihat dengan lebih baik tanpa mata harus bekerja keras. Dengan menggunakan kacamata maka penglihatan tidak akan memburuk dengan cepat, namun tidak menggunakan kacamata pun tidak akan merusak mata anda secara permanen.<br /><br />Catatan Tambahan Redaksi : Namun hal ini hanya bersifat sementara dan tidak akan menyebabkan kerusakan jangka panjang terhadap mata. Kaca mata akan membantu anda untuk melihat dengan lebih baik tanpa mata harus bekerja keras. Dengan tidak menggunakan kacamata, maka akan membuat mata anda menjadi tidak nyaman. <br /><br /><br />6. Semua Kebutaan Dapat Disembuhkan Dengan Donor Mata<br />Tidak benar<br />Yang dimaksud dengan donor mata dalam dunia kedokteran adalah mendonorkan bagian kornea mata, bukan mendonorkan bola mata seutuhnya. Kornea merupakan lapisan paling depan dari bola mata yang berwarna transparan. Kornea yang bersifat transparan ini akan meneruskan cahaya yang masuk ke mata menuju ke sel sel penerima cahaya di retina. Jika terjadi kerusakan pada kornea mata karena berbagai hal, seperti infeksi, trauma mata, dan lainnya, maka kornea mata dapat berubah menjadi keruh. Korena mata yang keruh tidak dapat menjalankan peranannya untuk meneruskan cahaya ke retina, sehingga penderita tidak dapat melihat apa-apa dalam keadaan kornea mata yang keruh (buta). Donor kornea bertujuan untuk mengembalikan fungsi penglihatan bagi pasien-pasien yang mengalami kebutaan akibat kerusakan kornea dengan mengembalikan kejernihan kornea mata. Karena itu, tidak semua jenis kebutaan dapat diobati dengan donor kornea.<br /><br />7. Mata Merah Disebabkan oleh Paparan Debu dan Asap<br />Tidak selalu benar.<br />Tidak semua mata merah disebabkan oleh debu dan asap. Mata merah dapat juga ditimbulkan akibat adanya iritasi oleh bahan kimia, alergi, ataupun infeksi, baik infeksi bakteri, virus ataupun jamur. Sangat penting untuk membedakan berbagai penyebab dari mata merah ini karena masing-masing memerlukan penanganan yang berbeda-beda.<br /><br />Mata merah akibat iritasi bahan kimia dapat diketahui jika sebelumnya terdapat riwayat paparan mata terhadap bahan kimia. Hal ini harus segera diatasi dengan membasuh mata dengan air mengalir. Mata merah yang disebabkan oleh alergi umumnya disertai dengan keluhan mata terasa gatal, berwarna merah dan berair. Salah satu cara mengatasinya adalah dengan menghindari pajanan terhadap sumber alergi atau dengan memberikan obat tetes antihistamin untuk mengatasi gejala-gejala yang ada. Sementara mata merah yang disebabkan oleh infeksi biasanya disertai dengan adanya kotoran mata (belek) dan mata terasa perih/sakit. Mata merah akibat infeksi dapat diatasi dengan pemberian obat tetes mata yang mengandung antibotik.<br /><br />8. Semua Mata Merah Dapat Diobati Dengan Obat Tetes Mata<br />Tidak selalu benar<br />Terdapat berbagai jenis obat tetes mata. Tergantung dengan penyebab timbulnya mata merah, maka tetes mata yang diberikan pun berbeda-beda. Jika pemilihan obat tetes mata tidak sesuai dengan penyebabnya maka keluhan mata merah dapat terus berlanjut bahkan menjadi bertambah parah. Mata merah yang disebabkan oleh glaucoma ataupun infeksi tidak dapat diobati dengan obat tetes mata yang dijual bebas di pasaran. Untuk mengatasi mata merah akibat infeksi pun tersedia beberapa jenis obat tetes mata yang berbeda tergantung penyebab infeksinya, apakah disebabkan oleh virus, jamur ataupun bakteri. Karena itu penggunaan obat tetes mata sebaiknya berada di bawah pantauan dokter. Obat tetes mata tidak boleh digunakan secara sembarangan, dan berlarut-larut. Penggunaan obat tetes mata yang tidak sesuai anjuran dan berlarut-larut dapat menimbulkan efek samping yang berbahaya.[](DP)<br /><br />Sumber :<br /><br />http://abcnews.go.com/Health/EyeHealthNews/11-eye-myths-debunke /story?id=8919023<br /><br /></span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-71817617340903531572009-12-02T01:54:00.000-08:002009-12-02T02:03:35.307-08:00Infection Prevention When Doing First Aid<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:MLQROgnv57jO2M:http://wb8.itrademarket.com/pdimage/27/1248427_956563_sarung_tangan_katun1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 206px; height: 156px;" src="http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:MLQROgnv57jO2M:http://wb8.itrademarket.com/pdimage/27/1248427_956563_sarung_tangan_katun1.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Setiap tahun, di seluruh dunia jutaan manusia mengalami sakit, cacat sampai kematian karena penyakit infeksi yang mengenai segala rentang usia mulai dari bayi baru lahir, anak-anak sampai orang usia lanjut." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Every year, around the world millions of people experiencing pain, disability until death due to infectious diseases of all age ranges from newborn babies, children up to the elderly. <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dari sisi ekonomi, begitu besar pendapatan baik pribadi, institusi dan negara yang harus dikeluarkan untuk mengobati dan memberantas penyakit infeksi di seluruh penjuru dunia, belum lagi kerugian akibat produktivitas yang hilang karena hilangnya hari kerja." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">From the economic side, so much personal good income, and state institutions that must be spent to treat and eradicate infectious diseases around the world, not to mention losses due to lost productivity due to loss of working days. <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kerugian-kerugian di atas seharusnya bisa diminimalisasi dengan adanya suatu tindakan yang mudah dan murah untuk dilakukan, yaitu tindakan pencegahan infeksi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Losses above should be minimized by the existence of an action that is easy and cheap to do, namely prevention of infection.<span class="fullpost">
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<br /><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Beberapa kelompok masyarakat lebih rentan terkena penyakit infeksi bila dibandingkan kelompok masyarakat yang lain." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Some community groups are more susceptible to infectious diseases when compared to other community groups. ><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti umur, pekerjaan, kebiasaan, pola hidup, lingkungan, status imunisasi, keadaan kesehatan dan lain-lain." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">This is caused by several factors such as age, occupation, habits, life style, environment, immunization status, health conditions and others. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Sebagai contoh, seorang bayi dan orang yang berumur 60 tahun akan memiliki resiko lebih tinggi terkena penyakit infeksi bila dibandingkan dengan remaja berusia 15 tahun." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"><span class="fullpost"><span class="fullpost">For example, a baby and the 60-year-old will have a higher risk of infectious disease when compared with the 15-year-old adolescents. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Begitu juga dengan pekerjaan, seorang tenaga kesehatan yang berinteraksi dengan orang sakit akan memiliki resiko lebih besar untuk tertular penyakit infeksi dibandingkan pegawai kantoran." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">So also with the job, a health personnel who interact with sick people will have a greater risk for contracting infectious disease than an office clerk.
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<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Sehingga, sebagai seorang penolong pertama, pengetahuan mengenai pencegahan infeksi mutlak untuk dimiliki karena sangat berkaitan dengan prinsip menjaga keamanan dan keselamatan diri sendiri sebelum menolong orang lain, serta tidak memperparah keadaan orang tersebut dengan menularkan suatu penyakit infeksi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Thus, as a first helper, a knowledge of absolute prevention of infection to have because it is related to the principle of maintaining security and safety of yourself before helping others, and not exacerbate the situation by transmitting an infectious disease. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Infeksi selain dapat menular dan ditularkan melalui pasien, juga sangat mungkin terjadi di antara sesama penolong pertama." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The infection can be transmitted and the other is transmitted through the patient, is also very likely to occur among the first helpers. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dengan mengetahui, memahami dan melaksanakan tindakan pencegahan infeksi, rantai penularan infeksi telah diputuskan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">By knowing, understanding and implementing infection prevention, infection transmission chain has been decided. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pemutusan rantai penularan adalah suatu cara yang sangat mudah dan murah untuk mencegah terjadinya infeksi bila dibandingkan dengan penatalaksanaannya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Termination of the transmission chain is a way that is very easy and inexpensive to prevent infection when compared with the Rx.
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<br /></span><span title="Penyakit Infeksi" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Infectious Diseases
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<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Penyakit infeksi adalah suatu keadaan masuknya mikroorganisme berbahaya (patogen) seperti bakteri, virus atau parasit yang dapat menular ke dalam tubuh." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Infectious disease is a condition the entry of harmful microorganisms (pathogens) such as bacteria, viruses or parasites that can be transmitted into the body.
<br /></span><span title="Mikroorganisme adalah makhluk hidup tak kasat mata (ukuran yang sangat kecil) yang terdapat di alam secara bebas atau hidup pada tempat dan makhluk hidup tertentu." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Microorganisms are living creatures invisible (very small size) contained in natural or living independently in place and certain living things. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Mikroorganisme tersebut dapat masuk ke dalam tubuh dan menular melalui berbagai cara." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Microorganisms can enter the body and transmitted through various ways. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Keberadaannya di alam di satu sisi menguntungkan karena berperan besar dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem dan kesehatan manusia sendiri, namun di sisi lain, terdapat mikroorganisme yang bila berinteraksi dengan tumbuhan, hewan atau manusia, dapat menyebabkan penyakit." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Its presence in nature on the one hand the advantage of playing a major role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and human health alone, but on the other hand, if there are microorganisms that interact with plants, animals or humans, can cause illness. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Masing-masing memiliki karakteristik sendiri seperti tempat hidup (habitat), mekanisme pertahanan hidup, sistem reproduksi (berkembangbiak), lama hidup dan keadaan-keadaan yang menunjang kehidupan dan menyebabkan kematiannya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Each has its own characteristics as a place to live (habitat), survival mechanisms, reproductive system (multiply), long life and the circumstances that support the life and cause death. </span><span title="Contoh, virus penyebab influenza menular lewat udara pernapasan saat bicara, batuk atau bersin." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">For example, the virus that causes influenza is spread by breathing the air while talking, coughing or sneezing. </span><span title="Sehingga pengetahuan tentang masing-masing mikroorganisme tersebut sangat membantu dalam mencegah infeksi yang disebabkannya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Thus knowledge of each of these microorganisms is very helpful in preventing infections caused.
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<br /></span><span title="Cara penularan infeksi" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Modes of transmission of infection
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<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Tubuh tidak mudah terkena infeksi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Body does not easily become infected. </span><span title="Karena tubuh secara alami memiliki sistem pertahanan yang sangat kompleks dalam mengeliminasi keadaan-keadaan atau mikroorganisme yang akan membahayakan tubuh." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Because the body's natural defense system which has very complex in the circumstances to eliminate or microorganisms that will harm the body. </span><span title="Namun, bila mekanisme pertahanan ini mengalami kerusakan walaupun hanya pada beberapa bagian saja, infeksi sangat mungkin dapat terjadi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">However, when these defense mechanisms were damaged, although only in some parts of it, so infection may occur. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Tetapi, sekali lagi, berkat penciptaan Yang Maha Kuasa, infeksi belum tentu bermanifestasi menjadi penyakit." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">But, once again, thanks to the creation of the Almighty, the infection does not necessarily manifest into illness.
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<br /></span><span title="Berikut 2 cara penularan infeksi pada manusia:" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Here are 2 ways of transmission of infection in humans:
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<br /></span><span title="• Kontak langsung, terjadi bila terdapat kontak dengan cairan tubuh (darah, ludah, ASI), luka terbuka atau jaringan lunak yang terbuka, mukosa mulut, mata atau hidung." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Direct contact occurs when there is contact with body fluids (blood, saliva, breast milk), open wounds or open soft tissue, mucous mouth, eyes or nose.
<br /></span><span title="Penyakit yang dapat menular melalui kontak langsung:" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The disease can be transmitted through direct contact:
<br /></span><span title="Infeksi HIV, hepatitis, penyakit menular seksual seperti herpes simpleks," onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">HIV infection, hepatitis, sexually transmitted diseases such as herpes simplex,
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<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="• Kontak tidak langsung, terjadi bila terdapat kontak dengan mikroorganisme patogen yang ada di udara, yang dikeluarkan dari tubuh melalui partikel kecil saat bernapas, batuk dan bersin, atau kontak dengan benda yang terkontaminasi seperti jarum, atau melalui vektor (hewan pembawa mikroorganisme patogen)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Indirect contact occurs when there is contact with pathogenic microorganisms in the air, is expelled from the body through small particles during breathing, coughing and sneezing, or contact with contaminated objects such as needles, or through a vector (carrier animal pathogenic microorganisms).
<br /></span><span title="Penyakit yang dapat menular malalui kontak tidak langsung:" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Infectious diseases that can malalui indirect contact:
<br /></span><span title="Infeksi saluran napas atas, tuberkulosis, campak, cacar, diare, demam berdarah, malaria, demam tifoid, hepatitis" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Respiratory tract infections over, tuberculosis, measles, smallpox, diarrhea, dengue fever, malaria, typhoid fever, hepatitis
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<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Penyakit-penyakit yang harus diperhatikan" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Diseases that must be considered
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<br /></span><span title="Sebagai penolong pertama, anda dapat terpapar oleh berbagai jenis penyakit menular ketika melakukan penilaian atau perawatan pada penderita." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">As a first helper, you may be exposed to various types of infectious diseases during the assessment or treatment of patients. </span><span title="Namun, hanya tiga yang menjadi perhatian karena dapat mengancam nyawa." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">However, only three are of concern because it can be life threatening. </span><span title="Yaitu:" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Namely:
<br /></span><span title="• Hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E, F)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• <span style="font-weight: bold;">Hepatitis</span> (A, B, C, D, E, F).
<br /></span></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:mO1g8heiK-TFWM:http://beamicrobkidnow.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/hepatitis-b.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 164px; height: 171px;" src="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:mO1g8heiK-TFWM:http://beamicrobkidnow.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/hepatitis-b.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Sebagai contoh, seorang bayi dan orang yang berumur 60 tahun akan memiliki resiko lebih tinggi terkena penyakit infeksi bila dibandingkan dengan remaja berusia 15 tahun." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"><span title="Menyebabkan peradangan hati, menular melalui darah atau cairan tubuh lainnya, tidak bisa diobati (sampai saat ini, masih dalam penelitian), mematikan dan dapat hidup di darah kering berhari-hari." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Causes inflammation of the liver, is spread through blood or other body fluids, can not be treated (so far, still in the research), fatal and can live in dried blood for days. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Bisa dicegah dengan vaksinasi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Can be prevented by vaccination. </span><span title="Di Indonesia, jenis yang paling sering ditemukan adalah jenis B dan C" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In Indonesia, the most common type found was type B and C
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<br /></span><span title="• Tuberkulosis (TB)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• <span style="font-weight: bold;">Tuberculosis </span>(TB). </span></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:TP2evGsvrmMWDM:http://www.insidesocal.com/sgvcrime/tuberculosis2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 121px; height: 125px;" src="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:TP2evGsvrmMWDM:http://www.insidesocal.com/sgvcrime/tuberculosis2.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Sebagai contoh, seorang bayi dan orang yang berumur 60 tahun akan memiliki resiko lebih tinggi terkena penyakit infeksi bila dibandingkan dengan remaja berusia 15 tahun." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"><span title="Hampir sepertiga masyarakat Indonesia telah terinfeksi TB." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Nearly a third of the Indonesian people have been infected with TB. </span><span title="Namun hanya 10% yang bermanifestasi menjadi penyakit." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">However, only 10% who manifest a disease. </span><span title="Infeksi yang ditemukan terbanyak di paru ini, juga dapat menyerang jaringan lain , sangat menular, menular melalui udara." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Most infections are found in the lung, also can attack other networks, highly contagious, spread through the air. </span><span title="Dapat hidup di udara yang lembab dan tidak terkena sinar matahari secara langsung dalam waktu lama." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Can live in moist air and not exposed to direct sunlight for a long time. </span><span title="Pengobatan dapat berhasil dengan baik, namun harus dijalani dalam waktu yang cukup lama (minimal 6 bulan)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Medication can work well, but must be lived in a long time (at least 6 months).
<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="• Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">
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<br />• <span style="font-weight: bold;">Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)</span>. </span></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:RQK-hwk5ZXSWyM:http://www.rkm.com.au/VIRUS/HIV/HIV-images/VIRUS-HIV-immune-cells-500.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 173px; height: 101px;" src="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:RQK-hwk5ZXSWyM:http://www.rkm.com.au/VIRUS/HIV/HIV-images/VIRUS-HIV-immune-cells-500.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Sebagai contoh, seorang bayi dan orang yang berumur 60 tahun akan memiliki resiko lebih tinggi terkena penyakit infeksi bila dibandingkan dengan remaja berusia 15 tahun." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"><span title="AIDS merupakan kumpulan gejala yang timbul akibat infeksi virus (Human Immunodeficinecy Virus-HIV) yang menyerang sistem imun tubuh." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">AIDS is a collection of symptoms caused by viral infection (Immunodeficinecy Human Virus-HIV) that attacks the body's immune system. </span><span title="Sehingga sistem imun tidak bisa berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya dan tubuh tidak mampu mengatasi efek yang ditimbulkan oleh virus ini." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">So that the immune system can not function properly and the body is not able to overcome the effects of this virus. </span><span title="Selain itu, penderita akan mudah terkena infeksi mikroorganisme lain." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In addition, the patient will be susceptible to other infectious microorganisms. </span><span title="Risiko penularan lebih kecil daripada hepatitis dan TB karena virus HIV tidak dapat hidup lama di luar tubuh manusia." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Risk of transmission is smaller than hepatitis and tuberculosis because of HIV virus can not live long outside the human body. </span><span title="Penularan terjadi melalui kontak dengan darah dan cairan tubuh lain penderita yang terinfeksi HIV." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Transmission occurs through contact with blood and other body fluids of HIV-infected patients. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Waktu yang dibutuhkan mulai dari infeksi sampai menimbulkan keluhan-keluhan (fase AIDS) memakan waktu bertahun-tahun, tergantung dari sistem imun penderita." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The time needed ranging from infection to cause the complaints (phase AIDS) take many years, depending on the patient's immune system. </span><span title="Sedangkan penularan sudah dapat berlangsung saat penderita sendiri belum mengetahui dirinya terinfeksi HIV." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">While transmission is to take place when the patient himself did not know her HIV infection.
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<br /></span><span title="Tanda dan Gejala" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Signs and Symptoms
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<br /></span><span title="Pasien dengan penyakit infeksi bisa menunjukkan tanda dan gejala yang khas dan sebagian lagi tidak memperlihatkannya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Patients with infectious diseases can show signs and symptoms are typical and some will not show it. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Hal ini berhubungan dengan adanya mekanisme pertahanan tubuh tehadap penyakit infeksi dan sifat mikroorganisme serta perjalanan penyakit itu sendiri." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">This is related to the body's defense mechanisms tehadap infectious diseases and the nature of microorganisms and the course of the disease itself.
<br /></span><span title="Sumber terbesar penularan infeksi adalah carrier (pembawa penyakit) yang kronik, seseorang yang dapat membawa infeksi bertahun-tahun tanpa tanda dan gejala." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Largest source of transmission of infection is the carrier (carriers) are chronic, someone who can carry the infection for years without signs and symptoms. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Penyakit yang dibawa oleh carrier antara lain: demam tifoid, hepatitis dan HIV." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The disease is carried by carriers such as: typhoid fever, hepatitis and HIV. </span><span title="Untuk mengetahui apakah seseorang merupakan carrier penyakit tertentu, dapat dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan penunjang seperti pemeriksaan laboratorium darah." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">To find out whether someone is a carrier-specific disease, can be done through investigations such as laboratory tests of blood. </span><span title="Karena sulit mengetahuinya, melakukan tindakan pencegahan infeksi adalah cara yang paling ampuh untuk menghindari tertular penyakit infeksi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Because it is difficult to know, take action to prevent infection is the most powerful ways to avoid contracting infectious diseases.
<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Penolong pertama tidak diharapkan dapat menegakkan diagnosis suatu penyakit berdasarkan tanda dan gejala yang ditemukannya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The first helper is not expected to make a diagnosis of a disease based on signs and symptoms are found. </span><span title="Tetapi penting baginya untuk mengetahui seseorang yang ditolongnya mengalami penyakit infeksi atau bukan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">But it is important for him to know someone was helping experienced infectious disease or not.
<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Beberapa tanda dan gejala penyakit infeksi ialah:" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Some of the signs and symptoms of infectious diseases is:
<br /></span><span title="• Demam" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Fever
<br /></span><span title="• Batuk atau sesak" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Coughing or shortness of
<br /></span><span title="• Diare" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Diarrhea
<br /></span><span title="• Kulit dan bagian putih mata berwarna kekuningan" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• The skin and the whites of the eyes yellowish
<br /></span><span title="• Pusing" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Dizziness
<br /></span><span title="• Nyeri dada" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Chest pain
<br /></span><span title="• Nyeri perut" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Abdominal pain
<br /></span><span title="• Kelelahan" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Fatigue
<br /></span><span title="• Keringat berlebihan" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Excessive Perspiration
<br /></span><span title="• Berat badan turun" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Weight loss
<br />
<br /></span><span title="Mekanisme pertahanan tubuh" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Body's defense mechanisms
<br />
<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pada manusia cara pertahanan tubuh terhadap agen penyebab infeksi terdiri dari 3 komponen, yaitu mekanis, biologis dan kimiawi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In humans the way the body's defense against infectious agent consists of 3 components, namely mechanical, biological and chemical.
<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pertahanan tubuh mekanis: mencegah masuknya mikroorganisme ke dalam tubuh baik dengan cara menahan masuknya, menghancurkan ataupun mengeluarkan mikroorganisme yang masuk melalui lubang tertentu." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The body's defense mechanism: prevents the entry of microorganisms into the body either by holding the entry, destroy or remove microorganisms that enter through a particular hole. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Merupakan pertahanan pertama tubuh terhadap invasi dari luar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The first is the body's defense against invasion from outside. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Terdiri dari kulit sebagai garis pertama pertahanan mekanis, reaksi tubuh seperti batuk, bersin, keringat, pengelupasan kulit, mengeluarkan air mata, air seni dan tinja." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Consists of the skin as the first line of defense mechanism, reaction of the body such as cough, sneeze, sweat, skin peeling, tears, urine and feces.
<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pertahanan tubuh biologis: mekanisme untuk mengisolasi, melumpuhkan, atau menghancurkan mikroorganisme yang masuk dan mencapai tubuh." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Body's biological defense: mechanisms to isolate, disable, or destroy microorganisms that come in and reach the body.
<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pertahanan tubuh kimiawi: bahan-bahan kimiawi baik endogen maupun eksogen yang membantu tubuh mengatasi infeksi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Body's chemical defense: the chemicals either endogenous or exogenous to help the body overcome the infection. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Contoh: asam lambung yang mampu menghancurkan kuman patogen yang terbawa dalam makanan maupun dahak yang tertelan, enzim-enzim penghancur bakteri serta bahan kimia eksogen seperti obat-obatan antibiotika dan imunisasi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Example: gastric acid capable of destroying pathogens in food-borne and swallowed sputum, destructive enzymes of bacteria and exogenous chemicals such as antibiotic drugs and immunization.
<br />
<br /></span><span title="Body Substance Isolation (BSI)" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Body Substance Isolation (BSI)
<br />
<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pengertian: Protokol pengendalian infeksi untuk mengontrol infeksi berdasarkan asumsi bahwa darah dan cairan tubuh lainnya dalam keadaan terinfeksi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Definition: infection control protocols to control the infection based on the assumption that blood and other bodily fluids in an infected state.
<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="BSI adalah gabungan alat dan prosedur yang melindungi penolong dari darah dan cairan tubuh lain dari penderita." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">BSI is a combination of tools and procedures which protect the rescue of the blood and other body fluids from patients. </span><span title="Dengan BSI ini dimungkinkan untuk merawat penderita dengan aman, termasuk penderita dengan penyakit infeksi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">With BSI is possible to safely treat patients, including patients with infectious diseases. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="BSI dapat dilakukan dengan tiga cara, yaitu:" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">BSI can be done in three ways, namely:
<br />
<br /></span><span title="1." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">1. </span><span title="Mencuci tangan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Washing hands. </span><span title="Satu hal yang paling penting yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah penyebaran infeksi (Lakukan ini walaupun anda menggunakan sarung tangan)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">One of the most important thing that can be done to prevent the spread of infection (Do this even if you wear gloves). </span><span title="Dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah melakukan kontak dengan pasien dan alat-alat yang berhubungan dengannya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Performed before and after making contact with the patient and the tools associated with it. </span><span title="Cuci tangan dengan menggunakan sabun dan dibasuh dengan air mengalir." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Wash hands with soap and washed with running water.
<br /></span><span title="2." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">2. </span><span title="Menggunakan perlengkapan proteksi diri (PPD)" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Using self-protection equipment (PPD)
<br /></span><span title="Penolong harus selalu menggunakan PPD untuk mencegah infeksi karena akan melindungi diri dari kontak terhadap darah dan cairan tubuh lainnya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Helpers should always use the PPD to prevent infection because it will protect itself from contact of blood and other body fluids. </span><span title="PPD terdiri dari pelindung mata, sarung tangan, baju pelindung dan masker" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">PPD consists of protective goggles, gloves, protective clothing and masks
<br /></span><span title="3." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">3. </span><span title="Membersihkan peralatan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Cleaning equipment. </span><span title="Membersihkan, mendesinfeksi, dan sterilisasi adalah istilah yang saling berhubungan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Cleaning, sanitize, and sterilization are interrelated terms.
<br /></span><span title="Membersihkan adalah mencuci benda dengan sabun dan air." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Cleaning is washing it with soap and water.
<br /></span><span title="Desinfeksi adalah membersihkan dengan penambahan bahan kimia seperti alkohol atau pemutih untuk membunuh kuman patogen (desinfektan)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Disinfection is clean with the addition of chemicals such as alcohol or bleach to kill pathogens (disinfectant).
<br /></span><span title="Sterilisasi adalah proses yang bertujuan membunuh mikroorganisme pada alat dengan menggunakan bahan kimia atau proses lain (pemanasan, tekanan tinggi)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Sterilization is a process that aims to kill microorganisms on the instrument using chemical or other processes (heating, high pressure).
<br /></span><span title="Semua cairan tubuh dianggap terinfeksi dan tindakan pencegahan harus dilakukan pada setiap pasien setiap saat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">All considered infected body fluids and preventive measures should be performed on each patient every time.
<br />
<br /></span><span title="Imunisasi" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Immunization
<br />
<br /></span><span title="Adalah tindakan untuk memperkuat sistem pertahanan (imun) tubuh dengan memberikan kuman yang telah dilemahkan (antigen) untuk merangsang tubuh mengeluarkan zat-zat yang dibutuhkan untuk mengatasi infeksi tertentu." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Is the action to strengthen the defense system (immune) to give germs the body that have been attenuated (antigen) to stimulate the body out of materials needed to overcome a certain infections. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Selain itu juga dengan memberikan zat-zat tersebut (antibodi) secara langsung sehingga meningkatkan sistem imun dalam waktu singkat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In addition, by providing such substances (antibodies) that directly improve the immune system in a short time.
<br />
<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Imunisasi berikut di Indonesia direkomendasikan pada semua penolong pertama :" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Following immunization in Indonesia recommended to all first helper:
<br /></span><span title="• Profilaksis tetanus-TT (setiap 10 tahun)" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• TT-tetanus prophylaxis (every 10 years)
<br /></span><span title="• Vaksinasi Hepatitis B dan A" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Hepatitis B Vaccination and A
<br /></span><span title="• Vaksinasi Influenza (setiap tahun)" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Influenza vaccine (every year)
<br /></span><span title="• Vaksinasi MMR" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• MMR Vaccination
<br /></span><span title="• Vaksinasi meningokok" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Vaccination meningokok
<br /></span><span title="• Campak" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Measles
<br /></span><span title="• Vaksinasi tifoid" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Typhoid Vaccination
<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Walaupun sampat saat ini belum ada imunisasi untuk tuberculosis, penolong sebaiknya memeriksakan diri secara teratur setiap tahun." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Sampat Although there is currently no immunization for tuberculosis, the helper should consult regularly every year.</span></span></span>
<br /></span></span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-29626827377468462952009-12-02T01:42:00.000-08:002009-12-02T01:51:29.897-08:00Trauma biomechanics<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:Nyty0cuv5ptpzM:http://freekicker.files.wordpress.com/2007/10/vanpersie-injury.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 199px; height: 134px;" src="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:Nyty0cuv5ptpzM:http://freekicker.files.wordpress.com/2007/10/vanpersie-injury.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Untuk menentukan mekanisme kejadian, pemahaman tentang Biomekanika Trauma sangat dibutuhkan Biomekanika trauma adalah ilmu yang mepelajari kejadian cedera pada suatu jenis kecelakaan tertentu." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">To determine the mechanism of the event, the understanding of biomechanics is necessary trauma injury biomechanics is the science of injury occurrence mepelajari a particular type of accident. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Keterangan yang jelas mengenai kecelakaan yang terjadi membuat kita dapat menemukan jenis perlukaan yang terjadi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">A clear description of the accident, allowing us to find the type of injury that occurred.<br /><br /><span title="1." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">1. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Biomekanika trauma pada kecelakaan mobil" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Biomechanics of trauma in a car accident<br /><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Trauma pada kecelakaan mobil dapat disebabkan karena :" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Trauma in a car accident can be caused by:<br /><span title="a." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">a. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Benturan antara penderita dengan kendaraan, atau benturan antara penderita dengan benda lain di luar kendaraan jika terlempar keluar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Collision between the patients with a vehicle, or collision between the patients with other objects outside the vehicle if it was thrown out.<br /></span><span title="b." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">b. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Benturan antara organ dalam tubuh penderita" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Conflicts between the organs in the body of the patient<br /><span class="fullpost"><span class="fullpost"><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="1.1 Benturan pengemudi/penumpang" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">1.1 Conflicts of driver / passenger<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Tabrakan mobil dapat terjadi dengan cara :" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Car crash can occur by way of:<span class="fullpost"><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="• Dari muka (frontal)" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• From the front (frontal)<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="• Dari samping" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• From the side<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="• Dari belakang" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• From the back<br /></span><span title="• Terbalik" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Reversed<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pada suatu benturan dari muka dengan penderita tanpa sabuk pengaman akan ada beberapa fase :" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In a collision from the face with patients without a seat belt would have several phases:<span class="fullpost"><br /></span></span><span title="a." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">a. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Fase 1 : Bagian bawah penderita tergeser ke depan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Phase 1: The lower part of the patient slipped into the front. </span><span title="Biasanya lutut akan menghantam dashboard." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Usually the knee will hit the dashboard.<br /></span><span title="b." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">b. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Fase 2 : Bagian atas penderita turut bergeser ke depan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Phase 2: The top of the patient shifted to the front part. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dapat terjadi perlukaan pada daerah dada dan perut karena benturan dengan setir." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Injury can occur in the chest and abdominal areas due to collision with the steering wheel.<br /></span><span title="c." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">c. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Fase 3 : Tubuh penderita akan naik lalu kepala akan membentur jendela atau tepi jendela." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Phase 3: The body will rise and people will head against the window or the window. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Hati - hati kemungkinan adanya patah leher." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Heart - heart possibility of a broken neck.<br /></span><span title="d." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">d. </span><span title="Fase 4 : Penderita akan kembali duduk." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Phase 4: The patient will back down. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Hati – hati kemungkinan adanya patah leher terutama pada kursi yang tidak memiliki senderan kepala." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Heart - heart the possibility of a broken neck, especially on a chair with no senderan head. </span><span title="Kemungkinan yang lebih buruk ialah jika penderita terlempar keluar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The possibility is worse is if the patient was thrown out.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pada benturan dari samping kemungkinan cedera yang terjadi hampir sama dengan benturan yang terjadi dari arah muka." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In addition to the impact of possible injuries that occur almost equal to the collision which occurred from the face. </span><span title="Pada benturan dari arah belakang dapat terjadi cedera pecut (whiplash injury) pada leher terutama pada kursi yang tidak ada sandaran kepala." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">On the impact of the back injury can occur whip (whiplash injury) on the neck, especially on the seat no headrests. </span><span title="Pada mobil yang terbalik dapat terjadi berbagai macam cedera." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In the car upside down can happen a variety of injuries. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Cedera yang terjadi lebih hebat jika penderita tidak menggunakan sabuk pengaman." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Injury that occurs more powerful if the patient does not use a seat belt.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="1.2 Benturan antara organ dalam." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">1.2 Conflicts between the internal organs.<br /></span><span title="Perlukaan organ dalam dapat terjadi melalui mekanisme :" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Sores internal organs may occur through mechanisms:<br /></span><span title="a." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">a. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Trauma Kompresi" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Compression Trauma<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Trauma kompresi terjadi jika bagian muka dari badan berhenti bergerak ke depan sedangkan bagian dalam tubuh tetap bergerak ke depan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Compression trauma occurs when the front side of the body stopped moving forward while the inside of your body moving forward. </span><span title="Organ – organ dalam tubuh terjepit dari belakang oleh bagian belakang tubuh dam di depan oleh struktur tubuh yang terjepit." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Organ - the organ in the body wedged in the back by the back of the dam body in front of the wedged body structure. </span><span title="Contoh dari trauma kompresi ialah perdarahan jaringan otak, robekan jaringan otak, robekan paru, robekan hati." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Examples of traumatic compression of brain tissue is bleeding, tearing of brain tissue, lung rupture, tear the heart.<br /></span><span title="b." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">b. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Trauma Deselerasi" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Deceleration trauma<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Trauma deselerasi terjadi bila organ dalam tetap melaju ke depan dan robek dari ikatan yang mengikatnya pada tubuh bagian belakang." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Deceleration trauma occurs when the internal organs continue moving forward and tear of the bonds that bound him to the back of the body. </span><span title="Contoh trauma deselerasi ialah gumpalan darah dalam kepala, patah tulang leher." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Example deceleration trauma is a blood clot in his head, a broken collarbone.<br /></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:vVTjwyFZ1X2rsM:http://northpalmwrestling.mtv.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/head_trauma.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 175px; height: 127px;" src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:vVTjwyFZ1X2rsM:http://northpalmwrestling.mtv.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/head_trauma.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Alat pelindung pada mobil :" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Protective device on the car:<br /></span><span title="a." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">a. </span><span title="Sabuk pengaman." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Seatbelts.<br /></span><span title="Sabuk pengaman sudah terbukti dapat menghindari penumpang mobil dari cedera atau kematian." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Seat belts are proven to prevent passenger cars from injury or death. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Sebagai contoh jika kita mengendarai mobil dengan kecepatan agak tinggi (60km/jam) dan mengalami bentuan dari muka, maka jika kita tidak menggunakan sabuk pengaman, kita akan menghantam kaca depan dengan kecepatan yang setara dengan jatuh dari lantai 3 sebuah gedung bertingkat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">For example, if we drive a car with rather high speed (60km/jam) and experienced bentuan from the face, so if we do not use seat belts, we'll hit the windshield with a speed equivalent to fall from the floor of a 3-storey building.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="">60km/jam) dan mengalami benturan dari muka maka masih dapat terjadi patah tulang (selangka, iga)" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Although with our safety belts can prevent death, in a high speed (> 60km/jam) and experiencing the impact of the face can still occur fractures (clavicle, ribs)<br /></span><span title="Pemakaian sabuk pengaman harus secara benar, karena pemakaian yang tidak benar dapat menyebabkan cedera, terutama pada kecepatan tinggi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Use of seat belts should be correctly, because incorrect use can cause injuries, especially at high speed. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Sabuk pengaman yang umum dipakai ialah tipe 3 titik yaitu bahu 1 titik, kedua perut bagian bawah 2 titik." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Seat belt is commonly used types of shoulder 3 points 1 point, the two lower abdomen 2 points. </span><span title="Pemakaian sabuk pengaman yang tepat ialah melewati di bagian perut paling bawah." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Use of appropriate seat belt is passed in the lower abdomen.<br /></span><span title="b." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">b. </span><span title="Senderan kepala" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Senderan head<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pemakaian senderan kepala sangat baik untuk mencegah cedera karena tabrakan dari belakang maupun pada fase terakhir benturan dari muka." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Usage senderan very good head to prevent injury due to whiplash and in the last phase of the impact of the face. </span><span title="Pemakaian yang tepat ialah di belakang kepala." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Correct usage is in the back of the head.<br /></span><span title="c." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">c. </span><span title="Airbag." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Airbags.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Airbag merupakan suatu alat yang berupa kantung udara yang ditempatkan pada pusat kemudi, dan akan mengembang apabila ada benturan dari muka." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Airbag is a tool in the form of an air bag is placed in the center of the wheel, and will expand if there is impact from the face. </span><span title="Airbag yang terkembang dapat juga mengakibatkan perlukaan seperti patah lengan bawah, perlukaan mata karena kaca mata." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">A well developed airbags can also cause injury like a broken forearm, eye injury due to glass eyes.<br /><br /></span><span title="2." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">2. </span><span title="Biomekanika trauma pada pejalan kaki" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Biomechanics of trauma on pedestrian<br /></span><span title="Trauma pada pejalan kaki yang ditabrak oleh mobil terbagi atas 3 fase, yaitu :" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Trauma to the pedestrian was hit by a car which is divided into 3 phases, namely:<br /></span><span title="• Fase 1 : Benturan dengan bemper." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Phase 1: The impact with the bumper. </span><span title="Pada fase ini biasanya akan terjadi benturan dengan tungkai dan pelvis." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">At this phase will usually crash with legs and pelvis. </span><span title="Trauma lutut sering terjadi pada fase pertama ini." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Knee trauma often occurs in this first phase.<br /></span><span title="• Fase 2 : Benturan kaca depan mobil dan tutup mesin." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Phase 2: Clash of the windshield and hood. </span><span title="Trauma pada dada dan kepala dapat terjadi karena penderita terangkat ke atas mobil." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Trauma to the chest and head can occur because people rose into the car.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="• Fase 3 : Benturan dengan tanah." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Phase 3: Conflicts with the ground. </span><span title="Trauma kepala dan tulang belakang dapat terjadi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Head trauma and spinal cord can occur. </span><span title="Jangan lupa dapat pula terjadi trauma pada bagian dalam tubuh." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Do not forget the trauma can also occur in parts of the body.<br /><br /></span><span title="3." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">3. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Biomekanika trauma pada pengendara motor" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Biomechanics of trauma on motorists<br /></span><span title="Ada 3 cara yang sering terjadi pada kecelakaan motor." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">There are 3 ways that often occurs in a motor accident.<br /></span><span title="a." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">a. </span><span title="Benturan dari depan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Collision from the front. </span><span title="Pengemudi akan terbentur ke depan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Motorists will be bumped to the front. </span><span title="Kedua tungkai akan mengenai setang kemudi yang dapat menyebabkan patah tulang paha atau tulang tungkai bawah." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The second leg will hit the steering handlebars that can cause a broken femur or lower leg bone. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Setelah itu pengemudi akan terlempar ke tanah dengan cedera yang beragam." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">After that the driver will be thrown to the ground with multiple injuries.<br /></span><span title="b." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">b. </span><span title="Benturan dari samping." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Collision from the side. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Cedera yang pertama terjadi ialah kaki, setelah itu pengemudi akan terpental dan menyebabkan cedera yang beragam." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The first injury occurred is the foot, after which the driver will bounce and cause a variety of injuries.</span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:qUDwO5uEdgO1_M:http://foto.detik.com/images/content/2008/01/08/473/ajur5.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 152px; height: 135px;" src="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:qUDwO5uEdgO1_M:http://foto.detik.com/images/content/2008/01/08/473/ajur5.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span title="c." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">c. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Sliding down the bike / bergeser." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Sliding down the bike / shifts. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pada saat benturan akan terjadi, pengemudi ddengan sengaja atau tidak sengaja menekan motornya ke bawah, sehingga motornya akan melesat dan pengemudinya di bagian belakang." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">At the time of collision will occur, ddengan driver intentionally or unintentionally push the bike down, so the bike and rider will be shot in the back. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Cedera yang terjadi dapat ringan namun pada jaringan lunak dapat terjadi cedera yang lebih parah." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Injury can be mild, but the soft tissues can occur more severe injuries.</span></span></span><br /></span></span></span></span></span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-72890713686057601742009-12-02T01:33:00.001-08:002009-12-02T01:41:05.194-08:00Oxygen Therapy<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:j-M4sansLj4xgM:http://griyakami.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/oksigen-complete3.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 195px; height: 192px;" src="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:j-M4sansLj4xgM:http://griyakami.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/oksigen-complete3.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Oksigen" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Oxygen<br /><br /><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Adalah suatu molekul berbentuk gas dengan rumus kimia 02." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Is a form of gas molecules with the formula 02. </span><span title="Oksigen diperlukan oleh sel hidup sebagai bahan bakar untuk mendapatkan energi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Oxygen is required by living cells as fuel for energy. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Oksigen dalam kandungan yang berbeda-beda dapat ditemukan di dalam air, udara dan tanah." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Content of oxygen in different can be found in the water, air and soil. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kandungan oksigen di dalam udara bervariasi, tergantung tempat karena pada tekanan yang lebih rendah konsentrasi suatu zat akan menjadi lebih kecil." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Oxygen content in the air varies, depending on the place because at a lower pressure the concentration of a substance will become smaller. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pada daerah setinggi permukaan laut konsentrasi oksigen sekitar 21 %, semakin tinggi suatu tempat konsentrasi oksigen akan berkurang." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">At sea level the oxygen concentration of about 21%, the higher the oxygen concentration of a place will be reduced. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Manusia mendapatkan oksigen dari proses bernapas yang disebut respirasi, secara garis besar proses bernapas dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu inhalasi (menarik napas) dan ekspirasi (membuang napas)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Humans get oxygen from the breathing process called respiration, an outline of the process of breathing is divided into 2 inhalation (inhaled) and expiratory (exhale). </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Saat inhalasi manusia menghirup oksigen (21 %) yang akan masuk kedalam paru dan mengalami pertukaran dengan karbondioksida." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">When humans inhale oxygen inhalation (21%) which will enter into the lungs and experience exchange with carbon dioxide. </span><span title="Ketika mengeluarkan napas manusia masih mengeluarkan oksigen sekitar 18 %." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">When humans exhale is still out of oxygen about 18%. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Volume udara yang dapat dihirup manusia tanpa paksaan pada saat bernapas berkisar antara 10-15 ml/kg, ini disebut volume tidal, sehingga makin berat seseorang maka makin besar juga kebutuhan oksigennya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Volume of air that humans can breathe freely during breathing ranged between 10-15 ml / kg, tidal volume is called, so the more weight a person then the greater the oxygen demand also.<span class="fullpost"><span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Indikasi pemberian terapi oksigen" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"><br /><br />Indication of oxygen therapy<br /><br /><span title="Oksigen adalah obat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Oxygen is a drug. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pemberian oksigen pada pasien dengan henti napas bertujuan untuk mencegah terjadi hipoksia, yaitu keadaan dimana sel-sel dalam tubuh kekurangan oksigen." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Giving oxygen to patients with breathing stopped happening aims to prevent hypoxia, a condition in which cells in the body lacks oxygen. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pemberian pernapasan buatan hanya memberikan oksigen sekitar 18 % sedangkan tubuh pada saat hipoksia membutuhkan kandungan oksigen yang cukup besar, namun pemberian pernapasan buatan tetap harus dilakukan karena selain untuk mencegah hipoksia lebih lanjut, juga utuk merangsang paru agar dapat timbul pernapasan spontan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Giving CPR provides oxygen only about 18% whereas during hypoxia the body needs oxygen content is large enough, but the provision of artificial respiration remains to be done because, in addition to prevent further hypoxia, also stimulates lung utuk to arise spontaneously breathing. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pemberian oksigen dengan alat tertentu dianjurkan untuk diberikan apabila tersedia sarana yang tepat dan pemberi pertolongan tahu cara pemakainya, karena bahaya pemakaian oksigen sangat fatal." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Provision of oxygen with a particular instrument is recommended to be given when available appropriate facilities and providers know how to help the user, because the danger of oxygen consumption are fatal.<br /></span><span title="Pada umumnya ada beberapa keadaan dimana oksigen dibutuhkan :" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In general there are some circumstances where oxygen is required:<br /></span><span title="• Serangan jantung." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• A heart attack.<br /></span><span title="• Gagal jantung." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Heart failure.<br /></span><span title="• Gagal napas" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Respiratory<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="• Komplikasi saat persalinan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Complications during childbirth.<br /></span><span title="• Keracunan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Poisoning.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Umumnya pada keadaan diatas beberapa organ yang berfungsi menyalurkan oksigen (seperti jantung dan paru) tidak dapat berfungsi dengan baik sehingga oksigen harus diberikan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Generally in the above several organs that deliver oxygen to function (such as heart and lung) do not function properly so that oxygen should be given.<br /></span></span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:D7bOr-jcmPmwPM:http://i83.photobucket.com/albums/j309/aegis-1/9bded126.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 193px; height: 159px;" src="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:D7bOr-jcmPmwPM:http://i83.photobucket.com/albums/j309/aegis-1/9bded126.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span title="Sistem pemberian oksigen" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Oxygen delivery system<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Sistem pemberian oksigen terdiri dari:" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Oxygen delivery system consists of:<br /></span><span title="Tabung ( silinder ) dengan katup" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Tube (cylinder) with valves<br /></span><span title="• Oksigen biasanya ditempatkan di dalam tabung yang mempunyai katup." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Oxygen is usually placed in the tube which has a valve. </span><span title="Di banyak negara oksigen dapat dikenali dari warna tabungnya, biasanya hijau atau abu-abu, tapi di Indonesia tabung oksigen tidak mempunyai standar (biasanya putih), jadi sebelum menggunakankan sebaiknya dilakukan konfirmasi terlebih dahulu." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In many countries of oxygen can be recognized from the color tube, usually green or gray, but the oxygen tube in Indonesia does not have a standard (usually white), so before menggunakankan confirmation should be done first. </span><span title="Katup dari tabung ini terletak di puncak tabung, berfungsi untuk membuka dan menutup tabung." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Valve of the tube is located at the top of the tube, serves to open and close the tube.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="• Tabung oksigen harus diperiksa setiap hari (lihat bahaya penggunaan oksigen) dan tekanan harus diuji setiap tahun karena bertekanan tinggi (2000 psi, pond/square inch)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• oxygen tube should be checked every day (see the danger of the use of oxygen) and the pressure should be tested every year because of high pressure (2000 psi, pounds / square inch).<br /></span><span title="• Simpan tabung di tempat yang tidak terkena sinar matahari langsung dengan suhu di bawah 50 derajat celcius." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Keep the tube in place that are not exposed to direct sunlight with temperatures below 50 degrees Celsius.<br /><br /></span><span title="Regulator" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Regulator<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="• Alat ini berhubungan dengan katup tabung dan berfungsi untuk menurunkan tekanan sehingga oksigen yang diberikan tekanannya tidak tinggi seperti di dalam tabung." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• The tool is associated with the valve tube and serves to reduce the pressure so that oxygen is not given such high pressure in the tube. </span><span title="Tekanan diturunkan dari 2000 psi menjadi 40-70 psi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The pressure is derived from 2000 psi to 40-70 psi.<br /></span><span title="Flowmeter" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Flowmeter<br /></span><span title="• Alat ini mengatur banyaknya aliran oksigen yang diberikan (dalam liter/menit)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• This tool set amount given oxygen flow (in liters / minute).<br /></span><span title="Saluran pengaliran oksigen ke penderita" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Drainage channels oxygen to the patient<br /></span><span title="• Berupa kanul hidung, masker dan non-rebreathing mask." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• We will inform the nose cannula, masks and non-rebreathing mask.<br /><br /></span><span title="Saluran pengaliran oksigen ke penderita" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Drainage channels oxygen to the patient<br /><br /></span><span title="Sungkup RJP" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">CPR shield<br /></span><span title="Disebut juga pocket face mask, dibuat untuk memberikan ventilasi saat RJP." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Also called pocket face mask, designed to provide ventilation during CPR. </span><span title="Alat ini terbuat dari plastik yang lembut, sesuai dengan wajah penderita dan dilengkapi saluran untuk disambungkan dengan tabung oksigen." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">This tool is made of soft plastic, in accordance with the patient's face and has a channel to be connected with an oxygen tank. </span><span title="Kelebihan sungkup ini:" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Advantages of this shield:<br /></span><span title="• Menghindari kontak langsung dengan mulut atau hidung pasien." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Avoid direct contact with the patient's mouth or nose.<br /></span><span title="• Memungkinkan pemberian oksigen tambahan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Allows additional oxygen delivery.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="• Bila dilengkapi dengan katup satu arah maka tidak ada kontak dengan udara yang dihembuskan pasien." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• When equipped with a one-way valves there is no contact with the patient's exhaled air.<br /></span><span title="• Mudah diajarkan dan dipelajari." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Easily taught and learned.<br /></span><span title="• Dapat memberi ventilasi dan oksigenasi yang lebih efektif." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Can provide ventilation and oxygenation is more effective.<br /></span><span title="• Lebih baik dibandingkan tehnik bag-valve-mask dalam memberikan volume tidal yang adekuat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• It's better than the technique-bag-valve mask to provide adequate tidal volume.<br /></span><span title="Dengan alat ini ventilasi dapat diberikan oksigen dengan konsentrasi 50 % dengan aliran sebanyak 10 liter/menit." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">With this tool can be ventilated with oxygen concentration of 50% with the flow of 10 liters / minute.<br /><br /></span><span title="Bag-valve-devices" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Bag-valve-devices<br /></span><span title="Alat ini terdiri dari kantong yang dapat mengembang sendiri dan ada katupnya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">This tool consists of bags that can inflate itself and no valve. </span><span title="Alat yang tersedia kira-kira volumenya 1600 ml yang biasanya cukup adekuat untuk mengembangkan paru-paru pasien." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Tools that are available about the volume of 1600 ml is usually adequate enough to develop the patient's lungs. </span><span title="Penolong harus berada di bagian kepala pasien, kepala pasien harus diangkat/head tilt dan diberi sedikit pengganjal, mulut pasien harus tetap terbuka." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Helpers must be at the head of the patient, the patient's head should be appointed / head tilt and given a little booster, the patient's mouth must remain open.<br /></span><span title="Pemakaian alat ini dengan dua orang penolong akan lebih efektif, seseorang memegang sungkupnya dan seorang lagi memeras kantong udaranya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Use of this tool with the two men would be more effective helper, someone holding a sungkupnya and again squeezing the air bag. </span><span title="Bila ada orang ketiga dapat membantu dengan menekan tulang krikoid." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If there is a third person can help by pressing krikoid bone.<br /></span><span title="Bila pertolongan hanya dilakukan seorang diri, tangan kiri penolong menahan sungkup dengan 2 atau 3 jarinya di mandibula dan jari yang lainya memegang sungkupnya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If help is only done alone, supporting the left hand holding shield with 2 or 3 fingers on the mandible and the other fingers holding sungkupnya. </span><span title="Kepala harus dijaga tetap ekstensi dan mandibula didorong ke anterior sambil mempertahankan sungkup tetap menempel ditempatnya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Head extension should be kept and driven to the anterior mandible while maintaining the shield remains attached in place. </span><span title="Kantung udara diremas dengan tangan kanan, sambil diperhatikan ada tidaknya pergerakan dada." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Squeezed air bag in his right hand, as noted presence or absence of chest movement.<br /></span><span title="Hal yang harus diingat adalah saat memeras kantung tidak boleh sampai keseluruhan kantung terperas, cukup hanya untuk membuat dada penderita mengembang." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Thing to remember is that when squeezing the bag should not be until the whole bag terperas, just enough to make the patient's chest expands.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kerugian dari alat ini adalah sulitnya mengatur tidal volume yang diberikan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The disadvantage of this tool is the difficulty of set tidal volume is given.<br /><br /></span><span title="Kanul hidung" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Nasal cannula<br /></span><span title="Alat ini biasanya digunakan pada pasien tanpa atau dengan gangguan pernapasan ringan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">This tool is usually used in patients without or with mild respiratory distress. </span><span title="Alat ini berbentuk selang dengan 2 cabang di bagian tengah." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The tool is shaped tube with 2 branches in the middle. </span><span title="Alat ini paling mudah dan sering digunakan di rumah sakit." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The tool is most easily and frequently used in hospitals. </span><span title="Kerugian dari alat ini adalah oksigen yang diberikan tercampur dengan udara luar dan pada flow rate yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan kekeringan membran mukosa hidung." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The disadvantage of this tool is given oxygen mixed with outside air and at high flow rate can cause the nasal mucous membrane dryness.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Setiap peningkatan 1 liter/menit akan meningkatkan konsentrasi oksigen yang terhirup sekitar 4 %, sehingga konsentrasi oksigen yang dapat diberikan melalui kanul hidung sebanyak 1-6 liter pada pasien dengan volume tidal normal adalah 24-44 %." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Each increase in 1 liter / min will increase the inhaled oxygen concentration of about 4%, so the concentration of oxygen that can be given via nasal cannula as much as 1-6 liters in patients with normal tidal volume was 24-44%.<br /><br /></span><span title="Sungkup muka" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Face shield<br /></span><span title="Alat ini berupa masker tembus pandang yang menutupi mulut dan hidung penderita." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">This tool is a transparent mask covering the patient's mouth and nose. </span><span title="Terdapat sejumlah lubang di kedua sisi masker." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">There are a number of holes on either side of the mask. </span><span title="Biasanya dapat ditoleransi pada pasien dewasa." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Usually can be tolerated in adult patients. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Oksigen yang diberikan harus lebih dari 5 liter/menit (untuk mencegah udara yang dihembuskan dari pernapasan berakumulasi dan terhirup kembali)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Oxygen is given to more than 5 liters / minute (to prevent exhaled air from accumulating and inhalation breathing again). </span><span title="Aliran yang dianjurkan adalah 8-10 liter/menit." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The recommended flow is 8-10 liters / minute.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Sama seperti kanul hidung, oksigen yang diberikan akan bercampur dengan udara ruangan, tetapi cara ini dapat memberikan konsentrasi oksigen 40-60 % dan diberikan pada mereka yang memerlukan konsentrasi oksigen yang lebih tinggi" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Same as the nose cannula, oxygen will be mixed with room air, but this way can provide oxygen concentration of 40-60% and given to those who require oxygen concentration higher<br /><br /></span><span title="Sungkup muka dengan penampungan oksigen/face mask with reservoir/non rebreathing face mask" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Fume-face with the oxygen storage / face mask with reservoir / non-rebreathing face mask<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Sungkup muka ini dilengkapi kantung tambahan sehingga tidak terjadi percampuran antara oksigen yang diberikan dengan udara luar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">This face shield equipped so that no additional mixing occurs between the oxygen provided by the outside air. </span><span title="Dengan alat ini kita dapat memberikan pasokan oksigen dengan konsentrasi lebih dari 60%." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">With this tool we can provide the supply of oxygen with a concentration of more than 60%. </span><span title="Pemberian oksigen 6 liter/menit akan memberikan konsentrasi oksigen 60 % dan setiap kenaikan 1liter/menit akan meningkatkan konsentrasi 10 %." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Giving oxygen 6 liters / minute will provide 60% oxygen concentration and any increase in the concentration 1liter/menit will increase 10%. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Jadi jika digunakan dengan cara yang benar, pemberian oksigen 10 liter/menit akan memberikan konsentrasi oksigen 100%." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">So if you used the right way, giving oxygen 10 liters / minute will give 100% oxygen concentration.<br /></span><span title="Cara ini biasanya digunakan untuk pasien yang tidak sadar dan bernapas spontan karena pasien yang sadar berisiko untuk menimbulkan mual dan muntah." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">This method is usually used for patients who are not conscious and breathing spontaneously as a conscious patients at risk for causing nausea and vomiting.<br /><br /><br /></span><span title="Bahaya yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan oksigen" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Hazards associated with the use of oxygen<br /><br /></span><span title="• Kebakaran: Tidak diijinkan merokok atau menggunakan api ketika sedang menggunakan oksigen." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Fires: Not allowed to smoke or use fire when using oxygen. </span><span title="Oksigen tidak meledak, namun dapat membesarkan api sehingga api akan berkobar lebih besar lagi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Oxygen does not explode, but it can raise the fire so the fire will be burning even more.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="• Ledakan: Jangan pernah menggunakan minyak atau pelumas di sekitar tabung oksigen." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• The explosion: Never use oil or grease around the oxygen tube. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Minyak dan pelumas yang berdekatan dengan oksigen kosentrasi tinggi dapat menyebabkan ledakan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Oil and lubricant adjacent to the high concentration of oxygen can cause an explosion.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="• Kerusakan katup: Hindari jatuhnya tabung atau penempatan tabung yang memungkinkannya untuk jatuh." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Damaged valve: Avoid falling tube or tube placement that allows it to fall. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Regulator atau katup yang rusak dapat menyebabkan silinder menjadi proyektil." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Regulator or damaged valve can cause the cylinder to become projectiles.</span></span><br /></span></span></span></span></span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-10057373589071002262009-12-02T01:27:00.000-08:002009-12-02T01:31:40.548-08:00perform CPR in emergency<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:GgbPh4TPWqMK7M:https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3PhvjKypvFbRMUpNyn5j4t0ZclyzexUSmpU-qHjoH-F1HbYUk0LjekVh3-nxu2JVblFhRoqGqt9GuWTLGB546Hzo94bjEMhzYC2usVUe-RYQ03oGduZmJHQR_zf_S-UN0xo8h6Xm4mk3W/s320/rjp1"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 197px; height: 166px;" src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:GgbPh4TPWqMK7M:https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3PhvjKypvFbRMUpNyn5j4t0ZclyzexUSmpU-qHjoH-F1HbYUk0LjekVh3-nxu2JVblFhRoqGqt9GuWTLGB546Hzo94bjEMhzYC2usVUe-RYQ03oGduZmJHQR_zf_S-UN0xo8h6Xm4mk3W/s320/rjp1" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="RJP dilakukan bila terjadi henti napas dan atau henti jantung.">CPR performed in case of stopping breathing and / or cardiac arrest. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Henti napas terjadi bila korban tidak bernapas, ditandai dengan tidak adanya pergerakan dada dan aliran udara napas.">Stop breathing occurs when the victim is not breathing, characterized by the absence of chest movement and breathing air flow. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Henti jantung terjadi bila jantung berhenti berdenyut dan memompakan darah, ditandai dengan tidak terabanya denyut nadi pada arteri-arteri besar, seperti arteri karotis, arteri brakialis dan arteri femoralis.">Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops beating and pumping blood, marked by no pulse terabanya on major arteries, such as carotid artery, the brachial artery and the femoral artery.<br /><br /></span></span><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Persiapan RJP" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Preparation CPR<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Sebelum melakukan RJP penolong perlu melakukan persiapan-persiapan untuk menjamin RJP dan pertolongan lain yang dibutuhkan korban dapat dilakukan dengan baik." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Before doing CPR helpers need to make preparations to ensure CPR and other assistance needed by victims can be done well. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Hal yang pertama dan utama yang harus dilakukan adalah memastikan keamanan tempat kejadian." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">It is first and foremost thing to do is ensure the security of the scene. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pastikan keamanan diri penolong dan gunakan alat pelindung diri (APD)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Ensure security of self-helpers and use personal protective equipment (APD). </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Setelah memastikan keamanan maka lakukan langkah-langkah:" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">After ensuring the security then do these steps: <span class="fullpost"><span class="fullpost"><br /></span><span title="1." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">1. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Lakukan penilaian kesan umum." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Perform general impression judgments.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Goyangkan bahu korban." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Shake the victim's shoulder. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Ajak korban bicara dan pancing jawaban verbal untuk mengetahui kesadaran dan keadaan airway korban." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Encourage the victim to talk and fishing verbal answers to determine the awareness and victim's airway condition. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Bila ternyata korban tidak memberikan respon terhadap panggilan segera minta bantuan, dengan berteriak “tolong”, dan segera aktifkan SPGDT." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">When the victim turned out not to respond to the call for help immediately, by shouting "please", and immediately activate SPGDT.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Bila korban memberikan respon positif, posisikan korban pada posisi pulih atau seperti saat ditemukan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">When the victim gave a positive response, position the victim in the recovery position or as when found. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pertolongan dari tenaga medis tetap diperlukan karena keadaan korban bisa saja memburuk dalam hitungan menit." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The help of medical personnel is necessary because of the victim could have been worse in a matter of minutes.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Lakukan evaluasi berkala pada korban sampai korban ditangani oleh yang lebih ahli." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Conduct periodic evaluations of the victim until the victim is handled by the more expert.<br /></span><span title="2." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">2. </span><span title="Minta tolong." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">For help. </span><span title="Aktifkan SPGDT." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Activate SPGDT.<br /></span><span title="3." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">3. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Perbaiki posisi korban dan buka pakaian yang menutupi dada (ekspos dada korban)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Improve the position of victims and clothing that covers the open chest (chest exposure victims). </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Resusitasi akan lebih efektif bila posisi korban tidur telentang, dengan alas yang rata dan keras." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Resuscitation would be more effective if the victim's position sleep on their backs, with a flat base and hard. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Posisikan korban pada posisi telentang dengan kedua lengan di sisi kanan dan kiri korban (posisi anatomis)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Place the victim in supine position with both arms on the right side and left the victim (anatomical position). </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Ketika melakukan perubahan posisi selalu perhatikan kesatuan/kesegarisan antara kepala, leher, dan tubuh, termasuk bahu dan tulang belakang." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">When I did notice a change in position is always unity / kesegarisan between the head, neck, and body, including shoulders and spine. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Ingat untuk selalu melindungi leher korban terutama bila dicurigai adanya cedera leher." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Remember to always protect the victim's neck, especially if the suspected neck injury. </span><span title="Bebaskan dada korban dari pakaian yang menutupi untuk mempermudah tindakan dan penilaian korban." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Exempt from the victim's chest covering clothing to facilitate the victim's actions and judgments.<br /></span><span title="4." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">4. </span><span title="Atur posisi penolong." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Set the auxiliary position.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Segera berlutut di samping korban sejajar dengan bahunya, agar saat melakukan bantuan napas dan sirkulasi penolong tidak perlu banyak bergerak, sehingga akan menghemat waktu." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Immediately knelt beside the victim in line with his shoulder, so as to aid rescue breathing and circulation do not need a lot of moves, thus saving time.<br /><br /></span><span title="Langkah-langkah RJP" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">CPR Steps<br /><br /></span><span title="Setelah melakukan prosedur dasar sebagai persiapan sebelum melakukan RJP, teruskan dengan:" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">After doing the basic procedures in preparation for doing CPR, go to:<br /><br /></span><span title="1." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">1. </span><span title="Airway control dan cervical control, penguasaan jalan napas." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Airway control and cervical control, control of the airway.<br /></span><span title="a." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">a. </span><span title="Buka jalan napas." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Open the airway. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Cara membuka jalan napas akan dijelaskan secara rinci pada pembahasan bantuan hidup dasar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">How to open the airway are described in detail in the discussion of the basic life support.<br /></span><span title="b." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">b. </span><span title="Nilai derajat dan jenis sumbatan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Value of degree and type of blockage.<br /></span><span title="Lakukan dengan pedoman look, feel, listen." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Guidelines do with look, feel, listen. </span><span title="Untuk mempermudah berlututlah di samping korban di dekat kepalanya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">To facilitate kneel beside the victim in the head. </span><span title="Miringkan kepala penolong dekat mulut dan hidung korban dengan mata melihat ke arah dada korban, sambil buka jalan napasnya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Tilt the head helper near the victim's mouth and nose with his eyes looked toward the victim's chest, while her airway open. </span><span title="Dengan cara seperti ini penolong dapat melakukan penilaian airway sekaligus breathing." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In this way the helper can do airway and breathing assessment. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Telinga penolong mendengarkan (listen), pipi penolong bisa digunakan untuk merasakan (feel), dan mata penolong melihat (look) pergerakan dada dan adanya penggunaan otot-otot pernapasan tambahan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Ear helpers listen (listen), cheek helper can be used to feel (feel), and the eye relief to see (look) movement of the chest and the use of respiratory muscles extra.<br /></span><span title="c." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">c. </span><span title="Lakukan tindakan membebaskan jalan napas dari sumbatan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Free action of airway obstruction. </span><span title="Langkah-langkah dalam membebaskan jalan napas ini juga akan dijelaskan pada pembahasan bantuan hidup dasar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Steps in to free the airway will also be explained in the discussion of the basic life support.<br /><br /></span><span title="2." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">2. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Breathing support; ventilasi buatan dan oksigenasi paru darurat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Breathing support; artificial ventilation and emergency pulmonary oxygenation.<br /></span><span title="a." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">a. </span><span title="Sambil mempertahankan jalan napas bebas, pastikan korban bernapas." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">While maintaining a free airway, ensure breathing victim. </span><span title="Periksa pernapasan korban dengan look, feel, listen." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Check breathing victim with a look, feel, listen.<br /></span><span title="b." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">b. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Jika pernapasan memadai, dan tidak ada dan tidak dicurigai adanya cedera leher posisikan korban pada posisi pulih." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If breathing adequately, and no and no suspicion of neck injury in the position of the victim position to recover. </span><span title="Lakukan evaluasi A dan B berkala." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Evaluate A and B periodically.<br /></span><span title="c." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">c. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Bila korban tidak bernapas, berikan napas buatan 2 kali." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If the victim is not breathing, give artificial breathing 2 times. </span><span title="Kemudian periksa tanda-tanda sirkulasi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Then check the signs of circulation. </span><span title="Bila korban hanya memerlukan napas buatan maka lakukan napas buatan dengan frekuensi 12-15 kali/ menit." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If the victim only needs to do resuscitate resuscitate it with a frequency 12-15 times / minute. </span><span title="Lanjutkan dengan evaluasi ulang A dan B secara berkala." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Continue with re-evaluation of A and B on a regular basis.<br /><br /></span><span title="3." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">3. </span><span title="Circulation support; pengenalan tidak adanya denyut nadi dan pengadaan sirkulasi buatan dengan kompresi jantung." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Circulation support; introduction of the absence of pulse and provision of artificial circulation by cardiac compression.<br /></span><span title="a." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">a. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pastikan ada tidaknya denyut jantung korban dengan melakukan perabaan pada arteri karotis." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Make sure there is at least the heart rate to touch the victim with the carotid artery.<br /></span><span title="b." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">b. </span><span title="Jika teraba arteri karotis, maka lanjutkan pengelolaan korban dengan melakukan evaluasi ulang A dan B berkala." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If palpable carotid artery, then continue with the management of victims by re-evaluation of A and B periodically.<br /></span><span title="c." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">c. </span><span title="Jika tidak teraba arteri karotis, lakukan kompresi/ pijat jantung luar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If no palpable carotid artery, do the compression / external cardiac massage. </span><span title="langkah-langkah melakukan kompresi jantung luar akan dterangkan di bawah." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">the steps outside the heart compress will dterangkan below.<br /><br /></span><span title="4." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">4. </span><span title="Lakukan reevaluasi/ penilaian ulang A-B-C." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Make a reevaluation / reassessment A-B-C.<br /></span><span title="a." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">a. </span><span title="Bila masih tidak teraba nadi lanjutkan kompresi jantung luar dan lakukan evaluasi ulang setiap 4 siklus." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If still no palpable pulse compression of the heart go out and do the re-evaluation every 4 cycles.<br /></span><span title="b." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">b. </span><span title="Bila teraba nadi, namun tidak bernapas, berikan bantuan napas saja dengan kecepatan 12-15 kali/menit." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">When palpable pulse, but not breathing, give assistance only to the speed of breath 12-15 times / minute.<br /></span><span title="c." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">c. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Bila korban bernapas spontan dan teraba nadi, posisikan pada posisi pulih, dengan catatan tidak ada atau tidak dicurigai cedera leher." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If the victim breathing spontaneously and palpable pulse, put in a position to recover, with no records or suspected neck injury.<br /><br /><br /></span><span title="Langkah-langkah kompresi jantung luar" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The steps outside the cardiac compression<br /><br /></span><span title="1) Tentukan ujung tulang xifoid." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">1) Determine the end of the bone xifoid. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Gunakan jari telunjuk dan jari tengah menelusuri lengkung tulang iga kanan atau kiri sampai bertemu bagian tulang dada atau sternum, dikenal sebagai xifoid, bagian menyerupai ujung pedang." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Use your index finger and middle finger traced curved ribs right or left until they meet the breastbone or sternum, is known as xifoid, resembling the tip of the sword.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="2) Dari ujung xifoid, letakkan jari telunjuk dan jari tengah di tulang dada, satu jari di atas xifoid dan satu lagi di sebelahnya, ke arah kepala." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">2) From the end of xifoid, place your index finger and middle finger on the sternum, one finger above and another xifoid beside him, to the head. </span><span title="Tepat di samping jari yang lebih dekat ke kepala merupakan titik kompresi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Right next to the finger closer to the head is the point of compression.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="3) Letakkan tumit salah satu tangan di posisi yang sudah ditentukan tadi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">3) Place the heel of one hand in the position had been determined. </span><span title="Tangan yang lain ditempatkan di atas tangan pertama." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The other hand placed above the first hand. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dianjurkan jari-jemari kedua tangan saling mengait." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Recommended fingers interlocking hands. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Tekanan hanya diberikan melalui tumit tangan tersebut, usahakan agar jari-jari penolong tidak menyentuh bahkan menekan tulang-tulang iga korban." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The pressure is given through the heel of the hand, keep your fingers touch the helper does not even pressing intercostal victims.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="4) Saat melakukan penekanan dinding dada, posisi badan penolong tegak lurus bidang datar, dengan kedua lengan lurus." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">4) When performing chest wall pressure, the position of auxiliary bodies perpendicular plane, with both arms straight. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Penolong menekan dinding dada korban dengan tenaga dari berat badannya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Helper hit victim's chest wall with the force of his weight. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Lakukan 15 kali kompresi secara berkala, dengan kedalaman 3,8 – 5 cm." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Do it 15 times compression periodically, with a depth of 3.8 to 5 cm. </span><span title="Kompresi dilakukan dengan kecepatan 100 kali/menit." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Compression performed at 100 times / min.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="5) Setiap kali setelah kompresi biarkan dada korban mengembang, kembali ke posisi semula." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">5) Each time after compression allow the victim's chest puffed out, back into position. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Jangan lepaskan tangan penolong dari dada korban atau merubah posisi tangan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Do not remove the helper's hand from the victim's chest or change position of the hand.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="6) Waktu untuk menekan dan melepas adalah sama, yaitu 1 : 1." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">6) The time to squeeze and release is the same, namely 1: 1.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Satu siklus pernapasan buatan dan kompresi jantung luar terdiri dari 15 kompresi dan 2 napas buatan (15:2)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">One cycle of artificial respiration and external cardiac compression consists of 15 compression and artificial breathing 2 (15:2). </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Perbandingan ini berlaku baik untuk 1 penolong maupun 2 penolong." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The comparison is valid both for 1 or 2 helpers helpers. </span><span title="Lakukan 4 siklus secara lengkap." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Perform 4 complete cycles. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Setelah lengkap 4 siklus, lakukan evaluasi ulang mulai dari A, B, dan C." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">After a full 4 cycles, re-evaluation done starting from A, B, and C.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Bagaimana tanda-tanda RJP yang dilakukan berhasil?" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">How signs CPR performed successfully?<br /><br /></span><span title="Keberhasilan RJP tidak lepas dari keberhasilan setiap langkah RJP yang dilakukan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The success of CPR can not be separated from the success of each step performed CPR. </span><span title="Apabila RJP yang dilakukan berhasil maka pada korban didapati tanda-tanda kembali berfungsinya sistem pernapasan dan sistem sirkulas." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If successful CPR is performed on the victim found signs of re-functioning of the respiratory system and sirkulas system. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Korban dapat bernapas spontan, tampak dada korban bergerak naik turun dan adanya aliran udara napas." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Victims can breathe spontaneously, the victim's chest was moving up and down and the breath of air flow. </span><span title="Denyut nadi kembali teraba dan denyut jantung kembali terdengar melalui stetoskop." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Again palpable pulse and heartbeat heard through the stethoscope again. </span><span title="Kulit korban yang semula pucat berangsur normal." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The original skin pale victims to normal. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Korban dapat melakukan gerakan terarah dan korban berusaha menelan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Victims can perform directional movement and the victim tried to swallow. </span><span title="Pupil akan mengecil bila terkena cahaya yang menandakan adanya reaksi pupil yang positif." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The pupils will shrink when exposed to light which indicates a positive pupil reaction.<br /><br /></span><span title="Kapan RJP dihentikan?" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Whenever CPR is stopped?<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Penolong yang kelelahan dan tidak sanggup melanjutkan tindakan resusitasi boleh menghentikan upaya RJP yang sedang dilakukannya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Helper is exhausted and unable to continue the action may terminate resuscitation efforts was doing CPR. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Apabila bantuan dan petugas lain yang lebih ahli sudah datang, penolong boleh menghentikan tindakan resusitasi dan mengalihkan pada petugas tersebut." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If the other officers for help and more experts are coming, the helper may terminate the action on resuscitation and transfer those officers. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kadang kala korban ditemukan dalam keadaan tidak sadar tanpa penolong tahu apakah korban sudah lama meninggal atau baru saja terjadi henti napas dan henti jantung." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Sometimes the victim was found unconscious without a helper to know whether the victim had long since died or had just happened stop breathing and cardiac arrest. </span><span title="Apabila kemudian didapatkan informasi bahwa korban sudah lama meninggal maka RJP boleh dihentikan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If then obtained information that the victim had died so long should CPR be stopped. </span><span title="Tindakan RJP dihentikan bila sirkulasi (denyut nadi) dan pernapasan sudah kembali pulih, yaitu korban sudah dapat bernapas spontan dan nadi kembali berdenyut spontan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">CPR was stopped when the act of circulation (pulse) and breathing is restored, the victim was able to breathe spontaneously and pulse back beating spontaneously. </span><span title="Pada korban dengan sengatan listrik atau tenggelam, biasanya jantung merespon lebih lama terhadap tindakan RJP." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In victims with electric shock or drowning, the heart is usually longer respond to the actions of CPR.<br /><br /></span><span title="Kapan RJP boleh dihentikan untuk sementara ?" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">When is CPR may be stopped for a while?<br /><br /></span><span title="Resusitasi jantung paru boleh dihentikan untuk sementara apabila korban perlu dipindahkan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Heart lung resuscitation be suspended if the victim has to be moved. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pemindahan korban dapat terjadi pada berbagai keadaan, seperti korban dipindahkan ke tandu, keluar atau masuk ambulan, melalui tangga, melalui lorong yang sempit, ketika korban dinaikan atau diturunkan dari pesawat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Removal of victims can occur in various circumstances, such as the victim was transferred to a stretcher, out of or into the ambulance, through the stairs, through a narrow hallway, when the victim raised or lowered from the plane. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pada tindakan bantuan hidup yang lebih lanjut kadang dilakukan tindakan defibrilasi (memberikan kejutan pada jantung dengan alat khusus), saat melakukan defibrilasi ini RJP harus dihentikan sementara." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">On life support measures are sometimes further action defibrilasi (to surprise the heart with a special tool), when doing this defibrilasi CPR should be stopped temporarily. </span></span><br /></span></span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-64449632314845315332009-12-02T01:22:00.000-08:002009-12-02T01:25:59.131-08:00Artificial Respiration<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:-Cz6qbOuVzPnGM:http://www.cichb.gov.tw/cpr_new/k/cpr-03.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 221px; height: 179px;" src="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:-Cz6qbOuVzPnGM:http://www.cichb.gov.tw/cpr_new/k/cpr-03.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pernapasan buatan dilakukan bila penolong mendapati korban dengan henti napas, pernapasan terlalu lambat atau terlalu cepat, atau bila pernapasan korban terlalu dangkal." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Performed artificial respiration if the victim finds relief by stopping breath, breathing too slowly or too fast, or if the victim's breathing is too shallow. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pernapasan buatan dinilai cukup bila dada kiri dan kanan bergerak naik turun bersamaan, terasa dan terdengar aliran udara keluar saat korban ekspirasi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Artificial respiration if enough votes left and right chest moving up and down together, feel and hear the flow of air out when the victim expired.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="• Pernapasan buatan mulut-mulut" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• artificial respiration mouths<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pernapasan buatan langsung mulut ke mulut sangatlah beresiko." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Immediate resuscitation mouth to mouth is at risk. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kemungkinan kontak dengan cairan tubuh korban termasuk muntahan sangat besar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Possible contact with body fluids including vomit very large. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Untuk melakukan pernapasan buatan mulut ke mulut gunakanlah alat pelindung barrier device, face shield." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">To perform CPR mouth barrier use protective equipment devices, face shield. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Alat pelindung ini berupa sebuah lembaran dari plastik tipis dan lentur menutupi wajah korban terutama bagian mulut korban, dilengkapi dengan katup satu arah sehingga cairan tubuh korban tidak mengenai penolong." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">This protective device in the form of a sheet of flexible plastic film and covered the victim's face especially the mouth of the victim, equipped with a one-way valve so that the body fluids of victims did not help. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Bisa dilipat sehingga praktis dibawa kemana-mana." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Can be folded so that practically carried everywhere.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Langkah-langkah memberikan pernapasan buatan mulut ke mulut:" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The steps provide artificial breathing mouth to mouth:<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="1) Pastikan keamanan diri dan lingkungan, kemudian aktifkan SPGDT." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">1) Make sure the security themselves and the environment, and activate SPGDT.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="2) Baringkan korban pada posisi terlentang." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">2) Lay the victim in the supine position. <span class="fullpost"><span class="fullpost"><br /></span><span title="3) Atur posisi penolong." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">3) Set the helper position. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Berlutut disamping kepala korban." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Kneel beside the victim's head.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="4) Lakukan langkah-langkah pengelolaan airway." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">4) Do these steps airway management.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="5) Pasang alat pelindung; barrier device, face shield." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">5) Place the protective device; barrier devices, face shield.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="6) Penolong menarik napas dalam saat akan memberikan napas buatan, agar volume tidal terpenuhi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">6) Helper when breathed in will provide artificial breathing, tidal volume to be fulfilled.<br /></span><span title="7) Jepit lubang hidung korban dengan ibu jari dan jari telunjuk." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">7) Brace the victim's nostrils with thumb and forefinger.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="8) Tutupi mulut korban dengan mulut penolong." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">8) Cover the mouth with the mouth rescue victims. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Mulut penolong harus dapat menutupi keseluruhan mulut korban agar tidak terjadi kebocoran." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Mouth helper should cover the entire mouth can be the victim in order to avoid leakage.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="9) Berikan hembusan napas 2 kali, sambil tetap menjaga terbukanya airway." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">9) Give breaths 2 times, while keeping the airway open. </span><span title="Beri kesempatan untuk ekspirasi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Give a chance to expiration. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Waktu yang diperlukan untuk tiap hembusan 1,5 - 2 detik." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The time required for each puff from 1.5 to 2 seconds. </span><span title="Volume udara yang diberikan sebesar volume tidal yaitu 10 mL/ kgBB atau 700-1000 mL, atau sampai dengan dada korban terlihat mengembang." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Given volume of air for the tidal volume of 10 mL / mL kgBB or 700-1000, or until the victim's chest looked swell. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Hati-hati, jangan terlalu kuat atau terlalu banyak karena dapat melukai paru-paru korban atau masuk ke lambung." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Be careful, do not be too strong or too much because it could hurt the victim's lungs or into the stomach.<br /></span><span title="10) Lakukan evaluasi ulang A dan B." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">10) Do re-evaluation of A and B. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Jika saat melakukan pernapasan buatan dirasakan ada tahanan atau terasa berat, atau dada tidak naik turun dengan baik, perbaiki tehnik membuka airway korban misalnya dengan memperbaiki posisi kepala." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If while doing CPR or felt there was heavy resistance, or the chest is not up and down with good, correct the victim's airway opening techniques such as by improving the position of the head. </span><span title="Jika setelah posisi diperbaiki masih terasa berat, curigai adanya sumbatan airway." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If after improved position still feels heavy, suspected of airway obstruction. </span><span title="Lakukan tindakan membebaskan jalan napas." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Free action airway.<br /></span><span title="11) Bila tidak ada gangguan lain, teruskan pernapasan buatan dengan kecepatan 12-15 kali/ menit." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">11) If there are no other distractions, continue artificial respiration with the speed of 12-15 times / minute.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="• Pernapasan buatan mulut – hidung" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• artificial respiration mouth - nose<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Tehnik pernapasan buatan mulut ke hidung dilakukan bila tidak mungkin melakukan pernapasan mulut ke mulut, misal mulut korban yang terkatup rapat dan tidak bisa dibuka (trismus), atau mulut korban mengalami cedera berat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Mouth resuscitation techniques to do when your nose is not possible to do mouth to mouth breathing, for example mouth clenched victims and can not be opened (trismus), or the mouth of the victim suffered serious injury. </span><span title="Langkah-langkah yang dilakukan sama seperti pernapasan buatan mulut ke mulut." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The steps to do the same as artificial breathing mouth to mouth. </span><span title="Perbedaannya adalah pernapasan buatan dilakukan ke hidung korban." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The difference is made to resuscitate the victim's nose. </span><span title="Pada tehnik ini mulut korban yang harus ditutup." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In this technique the victim's mouth should be closed.<br /><br /></span><span title="• Pernapasan buatan mulut-stoma." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• Breath-stoma artificial mouth.<br /></span><span title="Pada korban yang pernah mengalami tindakan pembuatan lubang pernapasan di leher, masuknya udara pernapasan tidak lagi melalui mulut atau hidung." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In victims who have experienced acts of breathing holes for it in the neck, the entry is no longer breathing air through the mouth or nose. </span><span title="Udara masuk melalui lubang buatan di leher yang disebut stoma." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Air in through a hole made in the neck called a stoma. </span><span title="Langkah-langkah melakukan pernapasan buatan mulut ke stoma pada dasarnya sama dengan mulut ke mulut atau mulut ke hidung." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The steps to mouth resuscitation to a stoma is essentially the same with the mouth to mouth or mouth to nose.<br /><br /></span><span title="• Pernapasan buatan mulut-masker/ sungkup muka." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• mouth artificial respiration mask / face shield.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Tehnik pernapasan buatan mulut ke masker lebih efektif dan lebih aman dibanding cara-cara pernapasan yang telah dijelaskan sebelumnya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Mouth resuscitation techniques to mask more effective and safer than breathing methods described previously. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Masker yang digunakan mempunyai katup satu arah sehingga cairan maupun udara ekspirasi yang keluar dari korban kecil kemungkinannya mengenai penolong." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Masks that are used have a one-way valves so that fluid or expiratory air to exit from unlikely victim of helpers. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Masker menutupi hidung dan mulut korban, sehingga tidak ada kontak/hubungan langsung antara penolong dengan korban." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Mask covering the nose and mouth of the victim, so there is no contact / direct relationship between the helper with the victim. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Efektivitas didapatkan karena masker yang digunakan akan menutupi baik mulut maupun hidung korban dan lebih terkontrol." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The effectiveness obtained for a mask used to cover both mouth and nose of victims and more controlled.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Masker yang baik untuk pernapasan buatan memiliki ukuran yang sesuai, terbuat dari bahan transparan/ tembus pandang, dan dilengkapi katup satu arah atau dapat dihubungkan dengan katup satu arah pada bagian atasnya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">A good mask for CPR has the appropriate size, made of transparent / translucent, and includes a one-way valve or may be associated with one-way valve at the top. </span><span title="Masker tersedia dengan berbagai ukuran." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Masks are available in various sizes. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kesesuaian ukuran penting agar masker dapat melekat erat pada wajah sehingga tidak terjadi kebocoran." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Suitability measures can mask important to stick closely to the face so that no leakage occurs. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Bahan transparan memungkinkan penolong dapat melihat adanya cairan mapun muntahan yang keluar dari korban." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Transparent materials allows the helper can see the liquid coming out mapun vomit from victims.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Langkah-langkah pernapasan buatan mulut ke masker :" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The steps to mouth resuscitation masks:<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="1) Pastikan keamanan diri dan lingkungan, kemudian aktifkan SPGDT." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">1) Make sure the security themselves and the environment, and activate SPGDT.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="2) Baringkan korban pada posisi terlentang." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">2) Lay the victim in the supine position.<br /></span><span title="3) Atur posisi penolong." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">3) Set the helper position. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Bila penolong hanya seorang, berlutut disamping kepala korban." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If the helper is only one, kneeling beside the victim's head. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Bila penolong lebih dari satu orang, salah satu penolong yang memegangi masker berlutut di atas kepala korban menghadap ke kaki korban." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If the helper is more than one person, one helper who was holding a mask to his knees on the victim's head facing the foot of the victim.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="4) Lakukan langkah-langkah pengelolaan airway." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">4) Do these steps airway management.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="5) Pasang masker yang ukurannya sesuai dengan korban.Masker yang ukurannya sesuai akan menutupi bagian hidung dan mulut korban sekaligus." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">5) Install the appropriate size mask with a size suitable korban.Masker will cover the victim's nose and mouth at once. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Masker pernapasan buatan berbentuk menyerupai buah jambu air yang terbelah dua sama besar, ada bagian yang menyempit dan ada bagian yang melebar." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">CPR mask shaped like a water fruit split in two equal-sized, there is a narrowing and widening a section. </span><span title="Posisikan bagian yang menyempit di bagian hidung korban, dan bagian yang melebar di bagian dagu." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Place the narrowing in the victim's nose, and part of the widening of the chin.<br /></span><span title="6) Pertahankan posisi masker dan rapatkan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">6) Maintain the position of mask and Squeeze.<br /></span><span title="Posisi masker yang benar dan rapat penting untuk keberhasilan pernapasan buatan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Masks the true position and an important meeting for the success of artificial respiration. </span><span title="Mempertahankan posisi masker bisa dilakukan dengan dua cara, yaitu:" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Maintaining the position of a mask can be done in two ways, namely:<br /></span><span title=" Pertahankan posisi masker dengan posisi kedua tangan seperti saat melakukan jaw thrust atau triple airway manauver." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"> Maintain the position of the mask with both hands as the position when making a jaw thrust or triple airway manauver. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kedua ibu jari menahan masker bagian hidung, sementara jari-jari lainnya menahan bagian dagu dan merapatkannya dengan menahan masker bagian rahang bawah korban, sambil melakukan tindakan membuka airway." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Holding thumbs its nose mask, while the other fingers hold the chin and merapatkannya by holding a mask of the victim's lower jaw, while taking action to open airway.<br /></span><span title=" Pertahankan posisi masker dengan salah satu tangan menahan bagian hidung, tangan lainnya menahan bagian dagu sambil membuka airway korban." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"> Maintain the position of a mask with one hand holding the nose, another hand holding the chin as he opened the victim's airway.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="7) Penolong menarik napas dalam saat akan memberikan napas buatan, agar volume tidal terpenuhi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">7) Helper when breathed in will provide artificial breathing, tidal volume to be fulfilled.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="8) Berikan hembusan napas 2 kali, sambil tetap menjaga terbukanya airway." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">8) Give breaths 2 times, while keeping the airway open. </span><span title="Beri kesempatan untuk ekspirasi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Give a chance to expiration. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Waktu yang diperlukan untuk tiap hembusan 1,5-2 detik." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The time required for each breath of 1.5-2 seconds. </span><span title="Volume udara yang diberikan sebesar volume tidal 10 mL/ kgBB, atau sampai dengan dada korban terlihat mengembang." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Given volume of air that tidal volume 10 mL / kgBB, or until the victim's chest looked swell.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="9) Lakukan evaluasi ulang A dan B." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">9) Do re-evaluation of A and B. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Jika saat melakukan pernapasan buatan dirasakan ada tahanan atau terasa berat, atau dada tidak naik turun dengan baik, perbaiki posisi kepala korban." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If while doing CPR or felt there was heavy resistance, or chest is not up and down with good, correct the position of the victim's head. </span><span title="Perbaiki tehnik membuka airway korban." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Improve the victims airway opening techniques. </span><span title="Jika setelah posisi diperbaiki masih terasa berat, curigai adanya sumbatan airway." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If after improved position still feels heavy, suspected of airway obstruction. </span><span title="Lakukan tindakan membebaskan jalan napas." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Free action airway.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="10) Bila tidak ada gangguan lain, teruskan pernapasan buatan dengan kecepatan 12-15 kali/ menit." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">10) If there are no other distractions, continue artificial respiration with the speed of 12-15 times / minute.<br /><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="• BVM ( Bag Valve Mask)" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">• BVM (Bag Valve Mask)<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pernapasan buatan yang dilakukan dengan bantuan BVM lebih dianjurkan, karena memiliki lebih banyak keuntungan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">CPR is done with the help of BVM is preferred, because it has more advantages. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Selain keuntungan seperti yang didapatkan dengan menggunakan masker, BVM memberikan oksigen dengan konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi pada korban karena dapat dihubungkan dengan sumber oksigen." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In addition to such benefits obtained by using a mask, BVM provides oxygen to the higher concentration on the victim because it can be connected with a source of oxygen. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="BVM dianjurkan digunakan oleh dua orang penolong." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">BVM use is recommended by two helpers. </span><span title="Akan terlalu sulit bila digunakan oleh seorang penolong." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Be too hard when used by a helper.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Sesuai namanya bag valve mask (BVM) terdiri dari kantung, katup satu arah, dan masker/ sungkup muka." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">As the name implies bag valve mask (BVM) consists of bags, one-way valve, and mask / face shield. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Isi kantung sekitar 1600 mL dan dapat dihubungkan dengan sumber oksigen." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Fill the bag approximately 1600 mL and can be connected to the source of oxygen. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Masker pada BVM memiliki bentuk yang sama seperti yang telah dijelaskan sebelumnya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">BVM masks in the same shape as described previously. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Masker tersedia dalam berbagai ukuran untuk dewasa, anak, dan bayi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Masks available in various sizes for adults, children and babies. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Penggunaan BVM untuk pernapasan buatan tidak akan dijelaskan lebih lanjut, karena penggunaannya memerlukan ketrampilan setingkat paramedis." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">BVM for the use of artificial respiration will not elaborate further, because its use requires skill level of paramedics.<br /><br /></span><span title="Perhatian!:" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Attention!:<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Pemompaan udara pernapasan dilakukan saat korban inspirasi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"> Pumping breathing air when the victim is an inspiration.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Pemberian bantuan napas disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan korban." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"> Providing breathing assistance tailored to the needs of victims. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Perhatikan volume tidal dan frekuensi napas yang dibutuhkan korban." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Note the tidal volume and respiratory rate needed victim.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Pemasangan masker harus sesuai dengan ukuran yang dibutuhkan korban dan ketat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"> Installation of masks must be compatible with the required size of the victim and tight.<br /></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Bila korban memiliki gigi palsu, biarkan gigi palsu tersebut tetap pada tempatnya, karena akan mempermudah dicapainya posisi masker yang ketat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"> If the victim has false teeth, dentures let it remain in place, because it will facilitate the achievement of a tight mask position. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Namun bila gigi tersebut lepas, segera keluarkan dari mulut korban dan amankan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">But if the tooth is loose, immediately remove from the mouth of the victim and secure. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Lepasnya gigi palsu merupakan ancaman terjadinya sumbatan jalan napas." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Loss of false teeth is a serious blockage of the airway. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Lakukan penilaian berkala keberadaan gigi palsu selama menolong korban." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Conduct periodic assessment of the existence of false teeth for helping victims.</span></span></span></span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-90108806279169143092009-12-02T01:15:00.000-08:002009-12-02T01:19:55.546-08:00compute your blood pressure ..!!<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:y-7zm1F5Xlk2VM:http://wb8.itrademarket.com/pdimage/06/788606_foto035.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 113px; height: 150px;" src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:y-7zm1F5Xlk2VM:http://wb8.itrademarket.com/pdimage/06/788606_foto035.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br />Blood pressure is the pressure produced by the heart, which then forwarded the whole blood vessel. Blood pressure of systolic and diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure caused by cardiac contraction, whereas diastolic pressure caused when the heart relaxes. In normal circumstances the pressure will fall and rise together. In normal blood pressure will be slightly up and down according to activity and emotion, can also be changed according to age, sex and disease. Woman's blood pressure is usually 10 mm Hg higher than men.<br />Equipment needed<br />• blood pressure measuring devices (Tensimeter, Sphygmomanometer). Comprising a needle-shaped gauges or mercury, and cuffs taped to the upper arm and connected with a rubber pipe to the measuring instruments ..<br />• Stethoscope, if no stethoscope can with finger palpation.<br />How to measure blood pressure <span class="fullpost"><br />1. Place the cuff on the upper arm, with the bottom edge of the cuff is 1 finger above the elbow fold. There are several cuff sizes, but generally used only one type of measure.<br />2. Pump the cuff, while feeling the radial artery until palpable pulse, and then pump again to 30 mm Hg higher.<br />3. Place the stethoscope on the brachial artery, or if there is no use 3 fingers to feel the brachial artery.<br />4. Lower the needle / mercury slowly while listening to the pulse. The numbers indicated when the first sound appears is the systolic pressure. Figures shown as the pulse disappears is the diastolic pressure. When the finger palpation, can only determine the systolic pressure is palpated at the brachial artery pulse.<br />Normal Blood Pressure Values<br />Adult Children (<12 years)<br />130-90 mmHg systolic (2 x age) + 80 mmHg<br />Diastolic 50-80 mmHg 90-70 </span>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-59349041314351836322009-12-02T01:09:00.001-08:002009-12-02T01:11:30.849-08:00Danger of Resuscitation<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:QePSzvsDdLwdkM:http://www.freewebs.com/unitedyouthcommitteeoftheworld/347px-World_Aids_Day_Ribbon.png"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 78px; height: 135px;" src="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:QePSzvsDdLwdkM:http://www.freewebs.com/unitedyouthcommitteeoftheworld/347px-World_Aids_Day_Ribbon.png" alt="" border="0" /></a>
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</w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-AU;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-AU">Dangers of resuscitation</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-AU">Until fairly recently the main concern in resuscitation was for the patient, but attention has now been directed towards the rescuer, particularly in the light of fears about the transmission<span style=""> </span>of AIDS. However, no case of AIDS due to transfer from patient to rescuer (or vice versa) by mouth to mouth resuscitation has<span style=""> </span>been reported. Despite the presence of the virus in saliva, it does not seem that transmission occurs via this route in the absence of blood to blood contact. Nevertheless, there is still concern about the possible risk of infection, and those who may be called on to administer resuscitation should be allowed to use some form of barrier device. This may take the form of a ventilation mask (for mouth to mask ventilation) or a filter device placed over the mouth and nose. The main requirement of these devices is that they should not hinder an adequate flow of air and not provide too large a dead space. Resuscitation must not be delayed while such a device is being sought.</span></p> A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6168893374585748681.post-73604597008033990542009-12-02T00:48:00.000-08:002009-12-02T01:07:06.894-08:00When is CPR not be done and done<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:CRioogvYHfG2kM:http://www.deancare.com/crs/aha/cpr.gif"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 217px; height: 224px;" src="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:CRioogvYHfG2kM:http://www.deancare.com/crs/aha/cpr.gif" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dalam arti luas,resusitasi merupakan segala bentuk usaha medis, yang dilakukan terhadap mereka yang berada dalam keadaan gawat atau kritis, untuk mencegah kematian." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In a broad sense, all forms of resuscitation is a medical business, which is committed against those who are in serious or critical condition, to prevent death. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kematian di dalam klinik diartikan sebagai hilangnya kesadaran dan semua refleks, disertai berhentinya pernafasan dan peredaran darah yang ireversibel." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Death in the clinic is defined as loss of consciousness and all the reflexes, accompanied by cessation of breathing and blood circulation irreversible. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Oleh karena itu resusitasi merupakan segala usaha untuk mengembalikan fungsi sistem pernafasan, peredaran darah dan saraf, yang terhenti atau terganggu sedemikain rupa sehingga fungsinya dapat berhenti sewaktu-waktu, agar kembali menjadi normal seperti semula.1" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Therefore, resuscitation is any effort to restore the function of respiratory system, circulatory and nervous, which interrupted or disturbed so that the functions can be stopped at any time, in order to return to normal as before.1 </span></span><br /><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Oleh karena itu resusitasi merupakan segala usaha untuk mengembalikan fungsi sistem pernafasan, peredaran darah dan saraf, yang terhenti atau terganggu sedemikain rupa sehingga fungsinya dapat berhenti sewaktu-waktu, agar kembali menjadi normal seperti semula.1" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Berhasil tidaknya resusitasi jantung paru tergantung pada cepat tindakan dan tepatnya teknik pelaksanaannya." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Success or failure of the heart lung resuscitation depends on fast action and precise implementation techniques. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pada beberapa keadaan, tindakan resusitasi tidak dianjurkan (tidak efektif) antara lain bila henti jantung (arrest) telah berlangung lebih dari 5 menit karena biasanya kerusakan otak permanen telah terjadi, pada keganasan stadium lanjut, gagal jantung refrakter, edema paru refrakter, renjatan yang mendahului" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In some circumstances, resuscitation measures are not recommended (not effective), among others if the cardiac arrest (arrest) has berlangung more than 5 minutes since it is usually permanent brain damage has occurred, in late-stage malignancy, refractory heart failure, refractory pulmonary edema, which precedes </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="“arrest”, kelainan neurologik berat, penyakit ginjal, hati dan paru yang lanjut.2" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">"arrest", severe neurologic disorders, kidney disease, advance liver and lung failure.2 </span></span><br /><span class="fullpost"><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="“arrest”, kelainan neurologik berat, penyakit ginjal, hati dan paru yang lanjut.2" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Resusitasi dilakukan pada :" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Resuscitation performed on: </span></span><br /><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Resusitasi dilakukan pada :" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Infark jantung “kecil” yang mengakibatkan “kematian listrik”" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">1. Cardiac infarction "small" resulting in "electric death" </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="penyakit kematian otot jantung akibat tersumbatnya pembuluh darah koroner yang mensuplai darah ke otot jantung." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">death of heart muscle disease due to blocked coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Secara awam, ditandai dengan adanya serangan jantung yang merusakan otot jantung yang dikenal dengan gagal jantung, dan akibat fatalnya dapat menyebabkan kematian.3" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In laymen, marked by a heart attack that destroyed large heart muscle known as heart failure, and the result can cause the death.3 </span></span><br /><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Secara awam, ditandai dengan adanya serangan jantung yang merusakan otot jantung yang dikenal dengan gagal jantung, dan akibat fatalnya dapat menyebabkan kematian.3" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Serangan Adams-Stokes" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">2. Adams-Stokes attack </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Tidak sadar secara mendadak akibat gangguan irama jantung yang berupa pelambatan atau bahkan penghilangan detak jantung menyebabkan pingsan dengan atau tanpa kejang-kejang.4" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Not aware of a sudden heart rhythm disturbance due to a slowdown or even elimination of the heartbeat stun with or without seizures.4 </span></span><br /><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Tidak sadar secara mendadak akibat gangguan irama jantung yang berupa pelambatan atau bahkan penghilangan detak jantung menyebabkan pingsan dengan atau tanpa kejang-kejang.4" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span title=" Trauma" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">3. Trauma </span></span><br /><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span title=" Trauma" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span title=" Penghirupan asap (beracun)" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">4. Inhalation of smoke (toxic) </span></span><br /><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span title=" Penghirupan asap (beracun)" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span title=" Hipoksia akut" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">5.Acute Hypoxia<br /><br /></span></span><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span title=" Hipoksia akut" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Hipoksia adalah penurunan pemasukan oksigen ke jaringan sampai di bawah tingkat fisiologik meskipun perfusi jaringan oleh darah memadai." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Hypoxia is a reduction in oxygen intake to the network to below the physiological level of tissue perfusion despite adequate blood. </span><span title="5,6" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">5.6 </span></span><br /><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span title="5,6" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span title=" Keracunan dan kelebihan dosis obat-obatan" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">6. poisoning and overdosing on drugs </span></span><br /><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span title=" Keracunan dan kelebihan dosis obat-obatan" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Sengatan listrik" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">7. Electric Stings </span></span><br /><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Sengatan listrik" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span title=" Refleks vagal" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">8. Vagal reflex </span></span><br /><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span title=" Refleks vagal" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Tenggelam dan kecelakaan-kecelakaan lain yang masih memberi peluang untuk hidup." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"> 9. Drowning and other accidents that still gives the opportunity to live. </span></span><br /><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Tenggelam dan kecelakaan-kecelakaan lain yang masih memberi peluang untuk hidup." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span title="2." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">2. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Resusitasi tidak dilakukan pada :" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Resuscitation was not done at: </span></span><br /><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Resusitasi tidak dilakukan pada :" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Kematian normal, seperti yang biasa terjadi pada penyakit akut atau kronik yang berat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">1. normal deaths, as is common in acute illness or severe chronic. </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Kematian normal, seperti yang biasa terjadi pada penyakit akut atau kronik yang berat." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span title=" Stadium terminal suatu penyakit yang tak dapat disembuhkan lagi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">2. terminal stage of a disease that can not be cured anymore. </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span title=" Stadium terminal suatu penyakit yang tak dapat disembuhkan lagi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Bila hampir dapat dipastikan bahwa fungsi serebral tidak akan pulih, yaitu sesudah ½ – 1 jam terbukti tidak ada nadi pada normotermia tanpa RJP.7" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">3. When almost certain that the cerebral function will not recover, that is, after ½ - 1 hour proven there is no pulse on the normotermia without RJP.7 </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Bila hampir dapat dipastikan bahwa fungsi serebral tidak akan pulih, yaitu sesudah ½ – 1 jam terbukti tidak ada nadi pada normotermia tanpa RJP.7" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Upaya resusitasi dilakukan pada keadaan mati klinis yaitu bila denyut nadi besar (sirkulasi) dan nafas berhenti,tetapi diragukan apakah kedua fungsi spontan jantung dan pernafasan telah berhenti secara pasti atau irreversible.8" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Resuscitation efforts performed on the state of clinical death when a large pulse (circulation) and breathing stopped, but it is doubtful whether the two functions of the heart and breathing spontaneously have stopped for sure or irreversible.8 </span></span><br /><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Upaya resusitasi dilakukan pada keadaan mati klinis yaitu bila denyut nadi besar (sirkulasi) dan nafas berhenti,tetapi diragukan apakah kedua fungsi spontan jantung dan pernafasan telah berhenti secara pasti atau irreversible.8" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kapan kita memulai RJP" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">When do we start CPR </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kapan kita memulai RJP" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"> </span><span title="Keputusan untuk melakukan RJP diambil setelah kita mendapat hasil dari pemeriksaan primer, yaitu: tidak sadar, tidak ada napas, dan tidak ada denyut jantung." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The decision to perform CPR was taken after we got the results of primary examination, namely: no conscious, no breath, no heartbeat. </span><span title="Kejadian yang mengarah untuk dilakukannya RJP :" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The incident that led to doing CPR: </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span title="Kejadian yang mengarah untuk dilakukannya RJP :" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span title="1." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">1. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pastikan Respon Korban" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Ensure Victim Response </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pastikan Respon Korban" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kita harus melakukan pemantauan respon terhadap penderita dengan mengguncang-guncangkan bahu dan menanyakan keadaannya,misalnya, “Are you OK?”" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">We have to monitor the response of patients with shoulder shake and asked him how, for example, "Are you OK?" </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kita harus melakukan pemantauan respon terhadap penderita dengan mengguncang-guncangkan bahu dan menanyakan keadaannya,misalnya, “Are you OK?”" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span title="2." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">2. </span><span title="Reposisi Korban" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Repositioning Victim </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span title="Reposisi Korban" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Reposisi korban jika diperlukan, misal anda temukan korban dalam posisi telungkup." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Repositioning of the victim if necessary, for example, you find the victim in the tummy. </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Reposisi korban jika diperlukan, misal anda temukan korban dalam posisi telungkup." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span title="3." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">3. </span><span title="Pastikan Jalan Napas Terbuka" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Make sure the Open Airway </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span title="Pastikan Jalan Napas Terbuka" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Lakukan manuver head-tilt, chin lift atau modified jaw thrust, sesuai keperluan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Perform maneuvers head-tilt, chin lift or modified jaw thrust, as needed. </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Lakukan manuver head-tilt, chin lift atau modified jaw thrust, sesuai keperluan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span title="4." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">4. </span><span title="Cek Pernapasan" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Check Breathing </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span title="Cek Pernapasan" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Lihat, Dengar dan Rasakan pernapasan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">See, Hear and Feel the breath. </span><span title="Pastikan ada tidaknya napas dalam waktu 3 - 5 detik." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Ensure the presence or absence of breath within 3 - 5 seconds. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pada korban yang tidak bernapas jangan langsung dilakukan RJP, tetapi Anda harus melakukan …." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">At the victim is not breathing do not directly do CPR, but you have to do .... </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pada korban yang tidak bernapas jangan langsung dilakukan RJP, tetapi Anda harus melakukan …." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span title="5." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">5. </span><span title="Pemberian 2 napas buatan" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">2 Provision of artificial breathing </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span title="Pemberian 2 napas buatan" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Lakukan teknik pertolongan pernapasan." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Perform rescue breathing techniques. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Jika Anda perhatikan adanya sumbatan jalan napas, lakukan teknik untuk membersihkan jalan napas." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If you notice any blockage of the airway, apply the technique to clean the airway. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Jika jalan napas korban bersih dan dia masih dalam keadaan henti napas setelah Anda berikan 2 napas buatan maka…" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If the victim's airway clear and he was still in a state of continuous breath after you give 2 breaths made it ... </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Jika jalan napas korban bersih dan dia masih dalam keadaan henti napas setelah Anda berikan 2 napas buatan maka…" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span title="6." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">6. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Cek Pulsasi Carotis" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Check Absent carotid </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Cek Pulsasi Carotis" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Pertahankan head tilt dengan salah satu tangan Anda pada dahi korban dan gunakan tangan yang lain untuk meraba denyut carotis." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Maintain head tilt with one hand on the victim's forehead and use other hand to feel the carotid pulse. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Jika tidak teraba denyut nadi saat anda memeriksanya dalam waktu 5 - 10 detik, ini berarti korban dalam keadaan henti jantung dan Anda harus .…" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">If no palpable pulse when you check in 5 to 10 seconds, this means that the victim in a state of cardiac arrest and you have to. ... </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Jika tidak teraba denyut nadi saat anda memeriksanya dalam waktu 5 - 10 detik, ini berarti korban dalam keadaan henti jantung dan Anda harus .…" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span title="7." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">7. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Mulai RJP" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Begin CPR </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Mulai RJP" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Korban dengan henti jantung harus berbaring pada permukaan yang keras, seperti lantai, tanah atau papan spinal." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">With cardiac arrest victims to lie down on a hard surface, such as the floor, ground or spinal board. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Cedera yang terjadi pada korban bukanlah alasan untuk menunda RJP." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Injuries that occur on the victim is not a reason for delaying CPR. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="RJP harus dilakukan secepat mungkin." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">CPR should be done as soon as possible. </span></span><br /><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="RJP harus dilakukan secepat mungkin." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dalam prosedur RJP selalu mengikutsertakan prinsip ABC." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In CPR procedures always include the principles of ABC. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Suatu pernapasan buatan tidak akan efektif jika jalan napas tidak terbuka." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">A CPR would not be effective if the airway is not open. </span><span title="Pernapasan buatan tidak efektif pula jika sirkulasi terhenti." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">CPR is also ineffective if the circulation stopped. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Darah yang bersirkulasi tidak akan efektif, kecuali darah tersebut teroksigenasi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Circulating blood will not be effective, unless the blood is oxygenated. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Selalu diingat jika perdarahan dapat mengganggu sirkulasi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Always remember that if the bleeding can interfere with circulation. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Oleh karena itu jika seorang korban kehilangan darah terlalu banyak maka RJP yang dilakukan tidak efektif." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Therefore, if a victim loses too much blood does the CPR ineffective. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Ketika perdarahan yang terjadi begitu hebat, seperti pada kasus perdarahan hebat pada arteri besar (misal: A. Femoralis) maka RJP yang kita lakukan mungkin malah mempercepat perdarahannya, dan menimbulkan kematian biologik." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">When bleeding occurs so great, as in the case of arterial bleeding in large (for example: A. Femoral) so that we do CPR may actually accelerate the bleeding, and causing biological death. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Meskipun kasus seperti ini jarang terjadi, tetapi kita harus melakukan tindakan untuk mengurangi jumlah darah yang hilang sebelum dilakukan RJP." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Although such cases are rare, but we must take action to reduce the amount of blood lost prior to CPR. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dalam RJP, kita bertujuan memaksa darah korban yang mengalami henti sirkulasi untuk kembali bersirkulasi dengan melakukan kompresi dada eksternal , yang dikenal sebagai sirkulasi buatan.9" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">In CPR, we aim to force the blood of victims who had stopped the circulation to re-circulate by external chest compression, which is known as the artifisial circulation .9 </span></span><br /><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Dalam RJP, kita bertujuan memaksa darah korban yang mengalami henti sirkulasi untuk kembali bersirkulasi dengan melakukan kompresi dada eksternal , yang dikenal sebagai sirkulasi buatan.9" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kapan resusitasi diakhiri ?" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">When are resuscitation is terminated? </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="Kapan resusitasi diakhiri ?" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Telah timbul kembali sirkulasi dan ventilasi spontan yang efektif." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"> Have resurgent spontaneous circulation and ventilation are effective. </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Telah timbul kembali sirkulasi dan ventilasi spontan yang efektif." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Upaya resusitasi telah diambil alih oleh pihak yang lebih berkompeten dan bertanggungjawab meneruskan resusitasi (bila tidak ada dokter)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"> resuscitation efforts have been taken over by a more competent and responsible to continue resuscitation (if there is no doctor). </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Upaya resusitasi telah diambil alih oleh pihak yang lebih berkompeten dan bertanggungjawab meneruskan resusitasi (bila tidak ada dokter)." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Seorang dokter mengambil alih tanggung jawab." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"> A doctor takes charge. </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Seorang dokter mengambil alih tanggung jawab." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Penolong terlalu lelah sehingga tidak dapat meneruskan resusitasi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"> Helper too tired and could not continue the resuscitation. </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Penolong terlalu lelah sehingga tidak dapat meneruskan resusitasi." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Pasien dinyatakan mati." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"> Patients declared dead. </span></span><br /><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=" Diketahui kemudian bahwa setelah dilakukan resusitasi,pasien ternyata dalam stadium terminal suatu penyakit yang tidak dapat disembuhkan lagi : atau hampir dapat dipastikan pasien tidak akan memperoleh kembali fungsi serebralnya,yaitu sesudah 0,5-1 jam,terbukti tidak ada nadi pada normotermia tanpa resusitasi" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"> Given then that after resuscitation, the patient was in terminal stages of a disease that can not be healed again: or the patient almost certainly not going to get back serebralnya function, that is, after 0,5-1 hours, proved there was no pulse in the no resuscitation in normotermia condition, at heart-lung</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="jantung paru.10" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">.10<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Bibliography</span><br /><br />1. 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Penentuan Mati, Penghentian Resusitasi Darurat dan Jangka Panjang. http://repository.ui.ac.id/contents/koleksi/11/be94c925ae70fb1c58a298c2586d8ca7249e5541.pdf. (1 Des. 2009)<br />9. Teknik:Resusitasi Jantung Paru. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/jejakpetualang/messa ge/216. (1 Des 2009)<br />10. Sunatrio, S. Penentuan Mati, Penghentian Resusitasi Darurat dan Jangka Panjang. http://repository.ui.ac.id/contents/koleksi/11/be94c925ae70fb1c58a298c2586d8ca7249e5541.pdf. (1 Des. 2009)<br /><br /></span><br /></span></span></div>A Medical Student's Lifehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14145589116778458421noreply@blogger.com0